Exam 2: Yeast and Dimorphic Fungi Flashcards
T/F Candida albicans is the normal flora of the mouth, intestine, lower urogenital tract
T
T/F. Candida albicans is a gram- positive yeast
T
T/F. Candida albicans can cause systemic infections
T
Common conditon caused by Candida albicans, manifested as white-yellow hyperkeratonic lesions
Thrush
What are the 3 predispositons of Candida albicans infection
- Antibiotic tx
- Immunosuppression
- moisture
Thick- walled, bottle shaped, lipophilic yeast
Malassezia pachydermatis
T/F. Malassezia pachydermatis are commensals on the skin of animals
T
Malassezia pachydermatis is commonly found where on dogs
Ears
What are the two sppl of Cryptococcus we learned about>?
C. neoformans and C. gattii
Where is Cryptococcus commonly found?
Environment
Large, round, budding yeast
Cryptococcus
Disease of the immunocompromised causing chronic granulomatous infection of the upper resp. tract and CNS of cats and dogs,
Cryptococcus neoformans
What are the 4 ways you can Dx cryptococcus
- Microscopid detection
- Fungal culture
- Test for capsilar antigen
- Test for serum antibody
Tx. of cryptococcosis
long term tx with amphotericin flucytosine, azoles,
surgical removal
How do you prevent Cryptococcsus infection
avoid areas with large amts. of dried pigeon poo
Single cell or spherule form at mammalian body temps and mold form at ambient environmental temp.
Termally dimorphic fungi
What are the 4 types of Thermally dimorphic fungi?
- histoplasma
- Blastomyces
- Coccidioides
- Sporothrix
The most common of the systemic mycoses
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Dimorphic fungus characterized by large, broad- based budding yeast with a thick cell wall
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Where is blastomyces dermatitidis commonly found.
Environmental organism of the ohio-mississippi river vally
Route of entry of blastomycosis
inhalation mostly
Blastomycosis is most common in what spp?
dogs and humans
T/F. With regards to Blastomycosis, Disseminated disease is uncommon
F. common
Dx of Blastomycosis
- Fungal culture
- Serology
- Biopsy and histopathology
What fungi can be described as Large, spherical yeast with broad base budding
Blastomycosis
What drugs are used to tx Blastomycosis
Amphotericin or itraconazole
T/F there is a vacc. available for Blastomycosis
F
Thermally dimorphic fungus that is small, oval yeast, frequently seen in macrophage of infected tisssue
Histoplasma capsulatum
Histoplasma capsulatum is a BSL __
3
Where is Histoplasma capsultatum commonly found in the environment
Dark, moist, soil covered with bird or bat poo
What is the most common route of entry of Histoplasmosis
Inhalation
Which spp are most commonly infected with histoplasmosis
human, dog, cat
Chronic/active resp. dz or disseminated disease caused by histoplasma capsultatium
Histoplasmosis
In dogs infected with histoplasmosis, _____ is commonly seen
intestinal dz
What type of inflammation can be seen in histoplasmosis
Granulomatous
T/F Histoplasmosis is contagious from animal to animal
F. not usually
2nd most common systemic fungal infection in cats
Histoplasmosis
Most common ocular sign of histoplasmosis in cats
Granulomatous chorioretinitis
How do you Dx histoplasmosis infection
Microscopic detection in tissue
Tx of histoplasmosis
Azoles and amphoterocin B
Dimorphic fungus, but does not produce yeast form, instead large thick walled spherules containing endospores in tissue
Coccidioides immitis
Coccidioides immitis is a BSL__ agent
3
Where is Coccidioides immitis commonly seen in the states
southwestern US
How does Coccidioides imminis enter the animal
inhalation of arthroconidia
Coccidioidomycosis is commonly seen in which spp.?
humans, dogs, horses
Fungi that causes chronic/active resp. and disseminated dz similar to TB
Coccidioides imminis
Osteomyelitis is commonly seen in this disease:
Coccidioidomycosis
how do you dx Coccidioidiodes imminis infection
Direct detection of spherules containing endospores in tissue
Tx of coccidioidomycosis
Azoles and amphoterocin B
Cigar- shaped, thermally dimorphic fungus
Sporothrix schenkii
What does sporothrix schenkii look like in tissue
Pleomorphic
Where does Sporothrix schenkii live?
sphagnum moss, hay, soil, other plants
Type of fungi associated with woody plants and entry usually by puncture wound
Sporothriz schenkii
which spp. are most commonly infected with sporothrix schenkii
Cats and horses
how do you dx sporothrix schenkii
microscopic detection in culture
how do you tx sporothrix schenkii
Azoles, potassium iodide given orally
General screening of invasive fungal dz
Beta-D glucan assay
Qualitative and semi-quantitative test system for the detection of capsular polysaccharide antigens of cryptocccus neoformans in serum or CSF
Latex agglutination test
