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Bacteriology > Exam 1: Treatment and Control of Bacterial/Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Exam 1: Treatment and Control of Bacterial/Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Compounds that disinfect living tissue

A

Antiseptics

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2
Q

Compounds that disinfect non-living surfaces

A

Disinfectants

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3
Q

A validated process used to render a product free of microorganisms, including all bacterial endospores

A

Sterilization

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4
Q

Elimination of most if not all pathogenic microorganisms excluding spores

A

Disinfection

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5
Q

Reductionof pathogenic microorganisms to a level where items are “safe to handle” without protective attire

A

Decontamination

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6
Q

Drugs that destroy microbes, prevent their multiplication or growth or prevent their pathogenic effect.

A

Antimicrobials

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7
Q

Who discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Fleming

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8
Q

A low molecular substance produced by a microorganism that at a low conc. inhibits or kills other microorganisms.

A

Antibiotic

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9
Q

Any substance of natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic origin that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms but cause little or no damage to the host

A

Antimicrobials

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10
Q

T/F. All antimicrobials are antibiotics, but not all antibiotics are antimicrobials.

A

F. All antibiotics are antimicrobials, but not all antimicrobials are antibiotics

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11
Q

What is a natural antimicrobial?

A

Produced by bacteria or fungus

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12
Q

What is a semi-synthetic antimicrobial?

A

Chemically- altered natural compound

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13
Q

What is a synthetic antimicrobial?

A

chemically designed in the lab

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14
Q

What are 4 ways of classifying of antimicrobial agents?

A
  1. Chemical family structure
  2. Mode of action
  3. Type of antimicrobial activity
  4. Spectrum of antimicrobial activity
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15
Q

What are the 4 antimicrobial classes based on mode of action?

A
  1. Cell wall/memb.
  2. Protein synthesis
  3. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
  4. Targets erfosterols in the cell wall- antifungal drugs
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16
Q

Drugs active against both gram positive and gram negative organisms

A

Broad Spectrum antimicrobials

17
Q

Drugs that have limited activity and are primarily only useful against particular species of microorganisms

A

Narrow spectrum antibacterials

18
Q

What are Bactericidal drugs?

A

kills bacteria

19
Q

What are bacteriostatic drugs?

A

inhibits bacterial growth

20
Q

What are the 2 non-therapuetic uses of antimicrobials?

A
  1. Growth promotion

2. prophylactic or metaphylactic use

21
Q

A lab. test to determine whether a bacteria is susceptible to a particular antimicrobial agent

A

Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing (AST)

22
Q

What are the two types of AST?

A
  1. Disk diffusion test (kirby bauer test)

2. Broth/Agar Dilution Test

23
Q

What is minimum inhibitory concentration?

A

Minimum amt. of drug required to inhibit bacterial growth

24
Q

What is a susceptibility break pt?

A

a drug conc. above which an organism is considered resistant and at or below this value organism is susceptible to that drug

25
Q

What are the 3 break point values

A

susceptible, intermediate, or resistant

26
Q

What is another name for a disk diffusion test?

A

Kirby bauer

27
Q

What do you use to perform a disk diffusion?

A

Must use a bacterial isolate in pure culture

28
Q

What is an E test?

A

Gradient diffusion test that uses diffusion and dilution

29
Q

fate of the drug in the body

A

Pharmacokinetics

30
Q

Effect of the drug on the body, mechanism of action and efficacy

A

Pharmacodynamics.

31
Q

What 4 factors effect selection of antimicrobial drugs for tx.

A
  1. Pharmacodynamics
  2. pharmacokinetics
  3. time dependent killing
  4. conc. dependent killing
32
Q

what are the 4 reasons we use antimicrobial combinations?

A
  1. To obtain antimicrobial synergism
  2. To treat polymicrobial infections
  3. To dec. the emergence of antimicrobial resistance
  4. To reduce drug toxicity
33
Q

What are the 2 types of antimicrobial resistance?

A
  1. Innate resistance

2. Acquired resistance

34
Q

Most antifungal drugs act on ___ present in the cell memb.

A

Sterols

35
Q

What are 4 examples of antifungal drugs

A
  1. Polyene Antifungal Drugs
  2. Azole Antifungal Drugs
  3. Allylamine and Morpholine Antifungal drugs
  4. Antimetabolite antifungal drugs

Bacteriology (31 decks)

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