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Bacteriology > Exam 1: General bacteriology Review > Flashcards

Exam 1: General bacteriology Review Flashcards

1
Q

T/F. Prokaryotes have no nucleus

A

T

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2
Q

T/F Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms

A

T

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3
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

binary fission

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4
Q

Bacteria have a complex cell wall with a unique component called ______.

A

Peptidoglycan

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5
Q

What are the 3 groups of bacteria based on their unique cell wall components.

A
  1. Gram Positive bacteria
  2. Gram negative bacteria
  3. Mycobacteria
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6
Q

What is the unique cell wall component found in gram positive bacteria?

A

Lipoteichoic acid

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7
Q

What is the unique cell wall component found in gram negative bacteria?

A

Outer memb. containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

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8
Q

What is the unique cell wall component found in Mycobacteria?

A

Mycolic acid

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9
Q

What component of LPS can activate immune system and exert harmful effects on the host polysaccharide component contributes to antigenicity

A

Lipid A component

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10
Q

Gram positive stain ____

A

purple

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11
Q

Gram negative stain ____

A

pink

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12
Q

Describe why Gram positive bacteria stain purple

A

large crystal violet and grams iodine complexes cannot escape thick peptidoglycan layer

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13
Q

Describe why Gram negative bacteria stain pink.

A

picks up safranin because the thin peptidoglycan layer allows the passage of large crystal volet and grams iodine complexes

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14
Q

Acid Fast staining is due to the presence of _____.

A

mycolic acid

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15
Q

Acid fast positive bacteria have gram ____ cell wall

A

positive

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16
Q

Acid fast positive organisms stain ____

A

pink

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17
Q

Describe the staining of Acid fast positive organisms.

A

Retains the color of carbol fuchsin the primary stain b/c of the presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall

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18
Q

Acid fast negative organisms stain ____

A

blue

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19
Q

Describe the staining of Acid fast negative organisms.

A

get decolorized due to the absence of mycolic acid

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20
Q

Structure on the bacterial surface used in locomotion

A

Flagella

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21
Q

Small thread like structures on bacterial surface facilitate adherence to the host tissue through specific receptors

A

Pili/ fimbriae

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22
Q

Outer coating of the bacteria made of polysaccharide in most bacteria, help bacteria to evade phagocytosis

A

Capsule

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23
Q

Survival mech. for some gram pos. bacteria, spores are highly resistant dormant form of bacteria

A

Endospores

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24
Q

When are endospores produced?

A

when bacteria are exposed to adverse conditions and when essential nutrients are depleted

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25
Q

What are the 4 bacterial growth pahses?

A
  1. Lag phase
  2. Log phase
  3. Stationary phase
  4. Decline phase
26
Q

What are the 3 types of bacterium that are oxygen dependent:

A
  1. aerobic
  2. microaerophilic
  3. capnophilic
27
Q

What are the 2 types of bacterium that are oxygen independent:

A
  1. Obligate anaerobe

2. aerotolerant anaerobe

28
Q

What type of bacterium can be oxygen dependent or independent.

A

Facultative anaerobe

29
Q

Proteins produced by bacteria and released to outside and they exert action of specific target cells

A

Exotoxins

30
Q

T/F Exotoxins are heat stable

A

F. Endotoxins are heat stable

31
Q

T/F Exotoxins are cell wall components

A

F. Endotoxins

32
Q

When are endotoxins released?

A

When bacteria are dead or killed

33
Q

Bacterial virulence factor produced by pathogenic microbes. indiscriminate binding to MHC class 2 molecule on the antigen presentng cells and T helper cell receptor.

A

Superantigens

34
Q

What is the result of superantigens?

A

Polyclonal T cell activation and massive cytokine release

35
Q

Microbes come together in masses cling to surfaces, produce extracellular substances and take in nutrients and forms this

A

Biofilm

36
Q

Smaller circular DNA present in Bacteria

A

Plasmids

37
Q

Virus particles which attach bacteria

A

Bacteriophages

38
Q

Virulence factors are transferred between bacteria through processes such as _____, _____, and _____.

A

Conjugation, Transformation, Transdddution

39
Q

Science dealing with evolutionary relationship b/t living organisms.

A

Phylogeny

40
Q

T/F. Fungi are Eukaryotes

A

T

41
Q

T/F. Most bacteria are not pahtogens

A

t

42
Q

A microbe that can cause disease

A

Pathogen

43
Q

Mech. by which cause disease

A

pathogenesis

44
Q

Degree of pahogenicity, includes severity

A

Virulence

45
Q

Properties or traits found in isolates that cause disease but which are not found in isolates that cause disease but which are not found in isolates of the same spp. that lack the ability to cause disease

A

Virulence factors

46
Q

What predisposes and animal to infectious disease

A

Predisposition

47
Q

T/F. The majority of bacteria are intracellular pathogens

A

F.

48
Q

What is the sequence of events in bacterial or fungal pahogenesis?

A
  1. entry to host
  2. evade host defence
  3. colonize the host
  4. multiply
  5. exert damage in host
  6. transmit to other hosts
49
Q

What are 3 ways bacterium or fungi cause disease?

A
  1. depleting the host nutrients by using them
  2. direct damage to the host cells (toxins)
    3 As a result of immune response to the microbe

or combination

50
Q

Host response to presence of microorganisms or its products

A

Inflammation

51
Q

the purpose of being a pathogen or at times adopting a pathogenic lifestyle

A

Transmission

52
Q

T/F. Bacterium have no nucleus

A

T

53
Q

T/F. Bacterium have a simple cell wall

A

F. complex

54
Q

T/F Bacterium have a single linear DNA

A

F. Circular

55
Q

T/F Bacterium undergo asexual repro.

A

T. Binary fission

56
Q

T/F All bacteria contains peptidoglycan

A

T

57
Q

T/F Gram negative bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer

A

F. Gram pos.

58
Q

T/F Only gram negative bacteria has an outer memb. which contains LPS.

A

T

59
Q

T/F. Lipid A or endotoxin is harmful

A

T

60
Q

T/F. Only Gram Pos. bacteria contain Teichoic acid on their cell walls

A

T

61
Q

T/F Mycobacteria contain mycolic acid and contribute to acid fast positive staining

A

T

Bacteriology (31 decks)

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