Exam 2: Antimicrobial Summary Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Beta Lactam antimicrobials

A
  1. Penicillins
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Sublactams
  4. Carbapenems
  5. Monobactams
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2
Q

What is the MOA of Beta lactams

A

disrupt cell wall synthesis and stimulate autolysing which degrade peptidoglycan

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3
Q

How are Beta lactams excreted

A

Kidney

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4
Q

What are the 3 resistance mech. of Beta lactams

A
  1. B-lactamase
  2. extended spectrum B lactamase
  3. Alteration in penicillin binding proteins
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5
Q

Synergism of B-lactams

A

Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

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6
Q

Antagonism of B- Lactams

A

Tetracycline

chloramphenicol

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7
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis

A

Tetracycline

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Tetracycline

A

Bacteriostatic

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9
Q

What are the 4 tetracyclines

A
  1. Oxytetracycline
  2. Chlortetracycline
  3. Doxycycline
  4. Minocycline
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10
Q

T/F Tetracyclines are excreted in milk

A

T

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Aminoglycosides

A

Inhibit protein synthesis, bactericidal

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12
Q

T/F Aminoglycosides can cross the bBB

A

F

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13
Q

How are aminoglycosides excreted

A

Kidney

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14
Q

What are the members of the aminoglycosides

A
  1. Gentamicin
  2. Amikacin
  3. Tobramycin
  4. Streptomycin
  5. Kanamycin
  6. Neomycin
  7. Spectinomycin
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15
Q

Acute tubular necrosis caused by aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

T/F. you can use aminoglycosides in surgeries where local anesthetic is used

17
Q

Synthetic antimicrobial that inhibit DNA gyrase

A

Fluoroquinolones

18
Q

What are the 2 Fluoroquinolones

A
  1. Enrofloxacin

2. Ciprofloxacin

19
Q

Fluoroquinolones have a high intracellular conc. in ____

A

phagocytes

20
Q

Fluoroquinolones work better for gram positive or negative?

21
Q

T/F fluoroquinolones are highly effective against anaerobes

22
Q

What are the 3 macrolides

A
  1. Erythromycin
  2. Azithromycin
  3. Clarithromycin
23
Q

Where does intracellular accumulation of macrolides occur

A

Phagocytes

24
Q

What is the MOA of macrolides

A

Bacteriostatc, inhibit protein synthesis

25
What are the 3 sulfa drugs?
Sulfonamide Sulfamethoxazole Sulfadiazine
26
What is the MOA of sulfa drugs
Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis pathway
27
How are sulfa drugs excreted
Bile, poo, urine
28
Which drug is a broad spectum antimicrobial agent
Sulfa drugs