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Bacteriology > Exam 1: Gram positive Staphylococci > Flashcards

Exam 1: Gram positive Staphylococci Flashcards

1
Q

What does Staphylococcus look like?

A

gram-positive cocci in clusters like grapes

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2
Q

T/F. Staphylococcus are non-spore forming

A

T

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3
Q

Is staphyococcus catalase positive or negative

A

positive

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4
Q

Where is Staphylococcus commonly found?

A
  1. Upper resp. tract (nose)
  2. Lower urogenital tract
  3. GIT
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5
Q

What are 3 important staphylococcal pathogens?

A
  1. S. aureus
  2. S. pseudintermedius
  3. S. Hyicus
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6
Q

What is a common staphylococcal opportunistic pathogen?

A

CoNG staphylococci

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7
Q

What is the pathogenic effect of adhesins?

A

tissue colonization

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8
Q

What is the pathogenic effect of hemolysins?

A

Tissue destruction: Cytolytic

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9
Q

What is the pathogenic effect of enterotoxins?

A

tissue destruction: Heat-Stable toxins

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10
Q

What is the virulence factor that causes food poisoning?

A

enterotoxins

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11
Q

What is the pathogenic effect of toxic shock syndrome toxins?

A

Tissue Destruction, superantigen leading to excessive cytokine release

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12
Q

What is the pathogenic effect of Protein A

A

Immune evasion: Binds Fc portion of IgG and inhibits opsonization

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13
Q

What is the pathogenic effect of leukocidin

A

Immune evasion: Leucocidal

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14
Q

What is the pathogenic effect of coagulase?

A

immune evasion: hide bacteria from PMN (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)

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15
Q

Test used to detect most virulent staphylococci

A

Coagulate test

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16
Q

What is a positive coagulase test?

A

fibrinogen is converted to fibrin and a visible clot forms

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17
Q

What does CoNS Stand for?

A

Coagulase- negative staphylococci

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18
Q

What is CoNS?

A

Cause infection only when immune system is compromised. Commonly causes nosocomial infections and UTIs

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19
Q

What are the 3 species of Staphylococcus of vet. importance.

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
  3. Staphylococcus hyicus
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20
Q

Type of Staphylococcus that causes pyogenic opportunistic infections

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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21
Q

Bovine Staphylococcal mastitis is also known as:

A

Contagious mastitis in cattle

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22
Q

When is Staphylococcus aureus seen in cattle?

A

during lactation

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23
Q

What is the source of infection for staphylococcus aureus in cattle?

A

infected mammary gland

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24
Q

How is Staphylococcus aureus transmitted in cattle?

A
  1. Milking through contaminated milker’s hands
  2. Teat cup liners
  3. udder cloths
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25
Q

What are 3 clinical infections associated with Staphylococcus aureus?

A
  1. Peracute gangrenous mastitis
  2. Acute mastitis
  3. Chronic subclinical mastitis
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26
Q

Describe c/s of peracute gangrenous mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Tissue necrosis, udder discoloration, swollen quarters, sore on palpation, fever, depression, anorexia

27
Q

Describe c/s of Acute mastitis due to staphylococcus aureus

A

Severe swollen gland, purulent secretion with clots, extensive fibrosis

28
Q

Describe c/s of Chronic subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

A

Elevated somatic cell count, episodes of bacterial shedding, inflammatory resp., blockage of ducts

29
Q

How do you prevent contagious mastitis?

A
  1. Proper milking technique
  2. dry cow therapy
  3. detection of subclinical inf.
  4. prevent intro of positive cows to herd
30
Q

Clinical infection of Staphylococcus aureus in horses.

A

Botryomycosis

31
Q

What is Botryomycosis?

A

S aureus infection in horses. rare, chronic granulomatous suppurative disorder with formationof micro-abscessation

32
Q

How do horses get botryomycosis?

A

unsanitary castration

33
Q

how do you treat botryomycosis in horses?

A

surgical removal and long-term AB tx.

34
Q

Clinical infection of Staphylococcus aureus in birds.

A

Bumble foot

35
Q

What is bumble foot?

A

S. aureus infection in birds, local chronic pododermatitis of the foot

36
Q

what species does Staphylococcus pseudintermedius infect?

A

Dogs and cats

37
Q

How does Staphylococcus pseudintermedius present in dogs and cats?

A

local skin dz., otitis externa, infected wounds, UTI, vaginitis, metritis, balanitis, conjunctivitis, bacteremia, abscesses

38
Q

What is the most common opportunistic pathogen in dogs?

A

S. Pseudintermedius

39
Q

What are the main causes of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs and cats?

A
  1. parasites
  2. food allergies
  3. foreign bodies
  4. accumulation of hair
  5. autoimmune dz.
40
Q

Bacterial pyoderma is usually triggered by overgrowth of _____

A

normal resident or transient skin mucosa

41
Q

T/F. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is of no zoonotic concern?

A

F

42
Q

What is the most important treatment of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius?

A

ID of underlying problems

43
Q

T/F. When treating staphylococcus pseudintermedius you should use narrow-spectrum abx?

A

T

44
Q

What causes greasy pig disease?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

45
Q

What is greasy pig disease?

A

infection of staphylcoccus hyicus

Highly contagious exudative epidermitis in suckling and weaned pigs up to 3mo.

46
Q

If a pig comes into your clinic with signs of excessive sebaceous secretion and exfoliation, anorexia, depression, and fever, what would you expect?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

47
Q

Where can you isolate staphylococcus hyicus on a sow?

A

vaginal mucosa and skin

48
Q

How do you treat and prevent greasy pig disease

A
  1. early abx therapy and topical tx
  2. isolation
  3. disinfection of building
  4. clipping needle teeth
  5. good hygiene
49
Q

Why is it important to clip needle teeth in piglets?

A

to prevent staphylococcus hyicus because enters through skin through minor abrasions

50
Q

what are two staphylococcal infections in humans?

A
  1. TSS

2. Food poisoning

51
Q

What is TSS?

A

Effect of superantigens entering the blood stream

52
Q

What are c/s of TSS?

A

fever, headache, vom. diarrhea, skin rash, kidney failure

53
Q

What is food poisoning?

A

caused by eating food infected with s. aureus has produced enterotoxins

54
Q

What are c/s of Food poisoning?

A

nausea, vom, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, sweating

55
Q

What are 4 lab. DX tests we can us to detect staphylococcus infection?

A
  1. specimines
  2. direct microscopy
  3. isolation
  4. molecular typing with PCR
56
Q

What are the 2 isolation techniques used for detection of staphylococcal infection?

A

culturing on blood agar and MacConkey agar

57
Q

T/F. when dealing with a staphylococcal infection you should always look for possible underlying dz?

A

T

58
Q

How do you treat staphylococcal infections?

A

Tx with antimicrobial agent and eliminate primary cause

59
Q

What does AMR stand for?

A

Antimicrobial resistance

60
Q

What type of AMR is common in Staphylococcal sp.?

A

B-lactamase- mediated resistance

61
Q

What is MRSA and MRSP?

A

Methicillin resistance in S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius

62
Q

Resistance to beta-lactam abx, also coincides with resistance to other antibacterial drugs. This is known as ____, and common drugs are:

A

Multidrug resistance

macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, sulfa drugs

63
Q

methicillin resistance is mediated by ____ gene resulting in altered penicillin binding proteins.

A

mecA

64
Q

What are the 2 types of acquired infections by MRSA?

A
  1. hospital acquired infections (HA)

2. Community acquired infections (CO)

Bacteriology (31 decks)

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