Exam 2: General Mycology Flashcards
Where are fungi found in the animal
Skin and mucous memb
T/F Fungi are prokaryotes
F. eukaryotes
What are heterotrophs?
obtain carbon by consuming other organisms
How do fungi reproduce
asexually by fragmentation, and budding
what does the cell memb. of fungi contain
Sterols
Unicellular forms of fungi?
yeast
multicellular forms of fungi
mold
What does mold have that contains the spores
hyphae and fruiting bodies
Group of tangled hyphae is called:
mycelium
What are the 3 types of fungal morphologic forms
- yeast
- molds
- dimorphic
Fungal morphologic form that has hyphae, tube-like multicellular structures
Molds
Fungal morphologic form that is round, single cells
Yeast
Fungal morphologic form that can be yeast or hyphal depending on the temp.
Dimorphic
The main element of th evegetative or growing form of fungal structures
Hyphae
Hyphae can be divided by cross-walls called ___
septa
What are the two pigmentation of hyphae
Dark pigment
Non-pigment
What are the 3 types of diseases caused by fungi?
- fungal infections
- mycotoxicoses
- allergies
When fungus invades the tissue and induce its pathogenic effect
Fungal infections
Fungal contamination or growth on food material leads accumulation of toxins and when consumed induce severe disease
Mycotoxicoses
Inhaled fungal spores induce hypersensitivity and _____
Allergies
Infections limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair
Superficial infections
Infections that extend deeper into the epidermis as well as invasive hair and nail diseases
Cutaneous infections
Infections involving the dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle and fascia
Subcutaneous infection
Infections that originate primarily in the lung but spread to many other organs
Systemic infection
What are the 5 ways to Dx fungal diseases
1. morphologic recognition in clinical specimens 2 Detection in clinical specimens 3. Detection of host IR 4. Fungus culture and ID 5. Nucleic acid detection by PCR
T/F fungal cultures grow best at environmental temp. and aerobic condition
T
What are the 3 types of fungal culture medium?
- sabouraud Dextrose Agar
- Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
- Dermotophyte test media
Clinical ID of Fungal culture isolates depends on what 6 things
- Growth characteristics
- Macroscopic appearance of growth
- Biochemical characteristics
- Hyphal characteristics
- Type of asexual sporulation
- Characteristics of spores
What are the 5 categories of antifungal drugs?
- Polyenes
- Flucytosine
- Azoles
- Allylamines
- Griseofulvin
What are the 3 categories of antifungal drugs that inhibit ergosterol
- Polyenes
- Azoles
- Allylamines
Which category of antifungal drugs inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Flucytosine
Which category of antifungal drugs inhibits mitosis
Allylamines
Test used to determine the breakpoint of a fungus, so you can choose an appropriate drug
Antifungal susceptibility test
T/F, Immunity to a fungus is mainly cell- mediated
T
Most fungal lesions are Granulomatous, which means what?
Resemble mycobacteriosis and other diseases caused by facultative intracellular bacteria
A mycotic infection of humans and lower animals caused by a number of dematiaceous (brown pigmented) fungus
Phaeohyphomycosis
A mycotic infection of the cutaneous and SQ tissues characterized by the development in tissue of dematiaceous, rounded sclerotic bodies
Chromoblastomycosis
Any invection due to a member of the zygomycetes
Zygomycosis
A mycotic infection of humans and animals caused by a number of diff. fungi and actinomycetes, characterized by draining sinuses
Mycetoma
