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Bacteriology > Exam 2: Leptospira > Flashcards

Exam 2: Leptospira Flashcards

1
Q

Considered as Gram (-) bacteria. slender, helically coiled, spiral organisms, move with corkscrew or flexing motion

A

Spirochetes

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2
Q

T/F. spirochets stain well with gram stain

A

F. poorly stain

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3
Q

What two methods can you sue to see spirochetes

A
  1. darkfield microscopy

2. silver stains

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4
Q

Spirochetes have a tight or loose coiled morphologhy due to ____ located in the _____.

A

Flagella, periplasmic space

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5
Q

what are the pathogenic members of spirochetes

A
  1. Bracyspira
  2. Borrelia
  3. Treponema
  4. Leptospira
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6
Q

_____ has been described as the most widespread and prevalent zoonosis

A

Leptospirosis

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7
Q

T/F. Leptospira are gram (+)

A

F. (-)

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8
Q

T/F. Leptospira are fastidious bacteria

A

T

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9
Q

What is the diff. between saprophytes and pathogenic leptospira

A 
S= free living in the water
P= infects renal tubules of animals
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10
Q

Neglected dz of poverty endemic in tropical humid conditions, epidemic during natural disasters

A

Leptospirosis

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11
Q

Leptospira are pathogenic specise maintained in the _____ of animal reservoirs

A

Renal tubules

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12
Q

What is the natural habitat of leptospires?

A

proximal convoluted tubules of kidney

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13
Q

What are the 3 cell associated virulence factors of Leptospira

A
  1. Endoflagella
  2. Outermemb. proteins
  3. LPS
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14
Q

What are the 2 extracellular virulence factors of Leptospira?

A
  1. Hemolysins

2. Protein cytotoxins

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15
Q

T/F. Leptospira can penetrate epithelial barriers

A

T

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16
Q

WHat is the diff. in pathogenesis of Leptospira in a maintenance host vs. incidental host

A

M: kidney or repro tract, long term shedder
I: can have severe dz. or recovery with short term shedding in urine

17
Q

C/S of leptospirosis in dogs

A 
polyuria
polydipsia
dehydration,
v+
D+
lethargey
abdominal pain
18
Q

How do you Dx leptospira infections?

A
  1. darkfield microscopy
  2. fluorescent ab stain
  3. PCR
  4. Culture
  5. Microscopic Agglutination test
  6. ELISA
19
Q

Measures antibody titers to leptospira serovars ysing an agglutination test which uses live Lepto

A

Serology test: Microscopic Agglutination test

20
Q

What is the Gold Standard test for Leptospira

A

Micro Agglutination test

21
Q

What is the problem with the microscopic agglutination (MAT) test for lepto?

A

difficult to distinguis b/t infected and vaccinated

22
Q

T/F. When doing a microscopic agglutination test for lepto, a 3- folk inc. in MAT titers is indicative of active infection

A

F. 4-fold

23
Q

What are some problems associated with MAT?

A

difficult to standardize
requires live cultures
Vaccine induced abs.

24
Q

What are the 3 ideal tests for ante-mortem Dx to maximize the diagnostic sensitivity

A
  1. Blood for PCR
  2. Urine for PCR
  3. Serum for MAT
25
Q

What are the 3 tx for Lepto

A
  1. supportive care
  2. Antimicrobials
  3. penicillins
  4. Doxycycline
26
Q

How do you prevent Leptospira

A

Vaccinate dogs

minimize exposure to surface waters

27
Q

Leptospira that infects Cattle

A

L. borgpetersennii serovar hardjo

28
Q

C/S of L. borgpetersennii serovar hardjo in cattle:

A

Fever, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, jaundice, pulmonary congestion . . .

29
Q

Leptospira that is host adapted in cattle resulting in repro failure due to embryonic death and repeat breeding

A

L. borgpetersennii serovar hardjo

30
Q

How do you Dx Lepto in cattle

A
  1. Urine PCR

2. Serum for MAT

31
Q

T/F Cows chronically infected with Lepto have high antibody titers

A

F. Low

32
Q

What are 2 treatments for lepto in cattle

A

long acting tetracyclines

sustained release ceftiofur

33
Q

T/F. There is no vaccine for lepto in cattle

A

F

34
Q

What should you treat dry cows with that are infected with lepto?

A

Tetracycline

35
Q

What are the two sserovars of lepto that infect horses

A
  1. Pomona

2. grippotyphosa

36
Q

Clinical leptospirosis in horses is most commonly associated with ___ in mares and ___ in foals

A

abortions, systemic illness

37
Q

What serovars of lepto can pigs get?

A

Pomona and Bratislava

38
Q

C/S of pigs infected with lepto

A

Repro failure and sporadic abortions

39
Q

What is the most widespread zoonotic dz

A

Lepto

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