Exam 2: Leptospira

Question 1

Considered as Gram (-) bacteria. slender, helically coiled, spiral organisms, move with corkscrew or flexing motion

Answer 1

Spirochetes

Question 2

T/F. spirochets stain well with gram stain

Answer 2

F. poorly stain

Question 3

What two methods can you sue to see spirochetes

Answer 3

1. darkfield microscopy

2. silver stains

Question 4

Spirochetes have a tight or loose coiled morphologhy due to ____ located in the _____.

Answer 4

Flagella, periplasmic space

Question 5

what are the pathogenic members of spirochetes

Answer 5

1. Bracyspira
2. Borrelia
3. Treponema
4. Leptospira

Question 6

_____ has been described as the most widespread and prevalent zoonosis

Answer 6

Leptospirosis

Question 7

T/F. Leptospira are gram (+)

Answer 7

F. (-)

Question 8

T/F. Leptospira are fastidious bacteria

Answer 8

T

Question 9

What is the diff. between saprophytes and pathogenic leptospira

Answer 9

S= free living in the water
P= infects renal tubules of animals

Question 10

Neglected dz of poverty endemic in tropical humid conditions, epidemic during natural disasters

Answer 10

Leptospirosis

Question 11

Leptospira are pathogenic specise maintained in the _____ of animal reservoirs

Answer 11

Renal tubules

Question 12

What is the natural habitat of leptospires?

Answer 12

proximal convoluted tubules of kidney

Question 13

What are the 3 cell associated virulence factors of Leptospira

Answer 13

1. Endoflagella
2. Outermemb. proteins
3. LPS

Question 14

What are the 2 extracellular virulence factors of Leptospira?

Answer 14

1. Hemolysins

2. Protein cytotoxins

Question 15

T/F. Leptospira can penetrate epithelial barriers

Answer 15

T

Question 16

WHat is the diff. in pathogenesis of Leptospira in a maintenance host vs. incidental host

Answer 16

M: kidney or repro tract, long term shedder
I: can have severe dz. or recovery with short term shedding in urine

Question 17

C/S of leptospirosis in dogs

Answer 17

polyuria
polydipsia
dehydration,
v+
D+
lethargey
abdominal pain

Question 18

How do you Dx leptospira infections?

Answer 18

1. darkfield microscopy
2. fluorescent ab stain
3. PCR
4. Culture
5. Microscopic Agglutination test
6. ELISA

Question 19

Measures antibody titers to leptospira serovars ysing an agglutination test which uses live Lepto

Answer 19

Serology test: Microscopic Agglutination test

Question 20

What is the Gold Standard test for Leptospira

Answer 20

Micro Agglutination test

Question 21

What is the problem with the microscopic agglutination (MAT) test for lepto?

Answer 21

difficult to distinguis b/t infected and vaccinated

Question 22

T/F. When doing a microscopic agglutination test for lepto, a 3- folk inc. in MAT titers is indicative of active infection

Answer 22

F. 4-fold

Question 23

What are some problems associated with MAT?

Answer 23

difficult to standardize
requires live cultures
Vaccine induced abs.

Question 24

What are the 3 ideal tests for ante-mortem Dx to maximize the diagnostic sensitivity

Answer 24

1. Blood for PCR
2. Urine for PCR
3. Serum for MAT

Question 25

What are the 3 tx for Lepto

Answer 25

1. supportive care 2. Antimicrobials 3. penicillins 4. Doxycycline

Question 26

How do you prevent Leptospira

Answer 26

Vaccinate dogs | minimize exposure to surface waters

Question 27

Leptospira that infects Cattle

Answer 27

L. borgpetersennii serovar hardjo

Question 28

C/S of L. borgpetersennii serovar hardjo in cattle:

Answer 28

Fever, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, jaundice, pulmonary congestion . . .

Question 29

Leptospira that is host adapted in cattle resulting in repro failure due to embryonic death and repeat breeding

Answer 29

L. borgpetersennii serovar hardjo

Question 30

How do you Dx Lepto in cattle

Answer 30

1. Urine PCR | 2. Serum for MAT

Question 31

T/F Cows chronically infected with Lepto have high antibody titers

Answer 31

F. Low

Question 32

What are 2 treatments for lepto in cattle

Answer 32

long acting tetracyclines | sustained release ceftiofur

Question 33

T/F. There is no vaccine for lepto in cattle

Answer 33

F

Question 34

What should you treat dry cows with that are infected with lepto?

Answer 34

Tetracycline

Question 35

What are the two sserovars of lepto that infect horses

Answer 35

1. Pomona | 2. grippotyphosa

Question 36

Clinical leptospirosis in horses is most commonly associated with ___ in mares and ___ in foals

Answer 36

abortions, systemic illness

Question 37

What serovars of lepto can pigs get?

Answer 37

Pomona and Bratislava

Question 38

C/S of pigs infected with lepto

Answer 38

Repro failure and sporadic abortions

Question 39

What is the most widespread zoonotic dz

Answer 39

Lepto