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Exam 2: Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

T/F. Mycobacterium are gram neg.

A

F. Positive

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2
Q

T/F. Mycobacterium do not have an outer memb

A

T

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3
Q

T/F Mycobacterium have mycolic acid in their cell wall

A

T

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4
Q

Contributes to the acid fast staining

A

Mycolic acid

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5
Q

Gram +, acid fast +, Rod shaped bacteria

A

Mycobacterium

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6
Q

Mycobacterium grow in aerobic/anaerobic conditions

A

Aerobic

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7
Q

Do mycobacterium survive in the environment well?

A

yes

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8
Q

Genus of historic importance in developed countries because of human and bovine tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium

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9
Q

What spp of mycobacterium cause Johne’s Dz

A

M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

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10
Q

Mycobacterium are intra/extracellular pathogens?

A

Facultative intracellular

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11
Q

What type of immunity protects animals against Mycobacterium?

A

Cellular immunity (Th1 resp.)

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12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of mycobacterium spp.

A

Chronic bacterial infections and granulomatous inflam.

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13
Q

Mycobacterium are facultative intracellular pathogens of _______.

A

Macrophages

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14
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors of Mycobact.

A
  1. Lipid rich- protection from IS
  2. Lipoarabinomannan
  3. Cell protein antigens
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15
Q

Virulence factor of mycobac. that inhibits the phagosome from fusing with the lysosome

A

Lipoarabinomannan

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16
Q

What are the 3 spp. of mycobac. that are obligate pathogens?

A
  1. M. tuberculosis complex
  2. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis
  3. M. leprae
  4. M. lepraemurium
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17
Q

Which spp of Mycobac. causes mammalian TB?

A

M. TB complex:

  1. M. tuberculosis
  2. M. bovis
  3. M. africanum
  4. M. microti
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18
Q

Which spp. of mycobac. causes Avian TB?

A

M. avium subsp. avium

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19
Q

Which spp of mycobac. causes Leprosy?

A

M. leprae- human

M. lepraemurium- cat

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20
Q

Which spp. of mycobac, forms caseous granulomas

A
  1. M. tuberculosis

2. M. bovis

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21
Q

What is the transmission of TB?

A

Inhalation and ingestion

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22
Q

What is the pathogenesis of TB?

A
  1. Local multiplication
  2. uptake by macrophages
  3. Migration to lymph node
  4. lymphadenitis
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23
Q

_____ IR is important in the destruction of bacilli

A

Cell mediated

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24
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is seen with TB?

A

type 4 (delayed type)

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25
The classic lesion of TB. Well organized granulomas of varying sizes
Tubercles
26
What are the two possible centers of tubercles?
1. Hard tubercle: solid packed with epithelioid macrophages | 2. Soft Tubercle: caseous necrosis
27
Who is the main reservoir for M. tuberculosis
Humans
28
What spp. are effected by M. tuberculosis
humans, dogs, cats, pigs, primates
29
What are some methods of diagnosing M. tuberculosis
1. Radiographs 2. AFB staining, culture, PCR of sputum 3. TB test (mantoux test)
30
T/F. TB is a treatable and cureable Dz
T
31
What is the standard treatment of TB?
6 months course of antimicrobial drug combinations (mix of primary and secondary drugs)
32
What are the 4 primary TB drugs?
1. Isoniazid 2. Rifamycins 3. Ethambutol 4. Pyrazinamide
33
What are teh 2 categories of secondary drugs used to tx TB?
1. Aminoglycosides | 2. Fluoroquinolones
34
Why must you use combination drug therapy when treating TB?
1. bacteria n lesion can be intra or extracellular 2. Grow in log pahse and exhibit quiescent phase 3. Drug resistance 4. poor distribution to walled off lesions
35
What is MDR TB?
Multidrug resistant TB- resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin
36
What is XDR?
Extensively Drug resistant TB- Resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of the 3 inj second line drugs
37
What is the human vaccine for TB?
BCG (bacillus Calmette Guerin)
38
What Mycobac. causes zoonotic TB?
M. bovis
39
Transmission of M. bovis
ingestion inhalation contact with mucus memb
40
What is the main portal of entry for M. bovis
GIT
41
M. bovis is maintained primarily in _____ spp., but has the broadest host range of all TB organisms
Bovine
42
how long can M bovis survive outside of the host?
few weeks
43
T/F. there are significant differances in M bovis and M. tuberculosis infections
F. indistinguishable
44
____ transmission of M bovis is most common among cattle
Aerosol
45
T/F. M bovis can be spread in milk
T
46
list some Dx of M bovis
1. TB test 2. Gamma IFN blood test 3. Clinical dz + Histopathology 4. Direct Acid-fast stain 5. Culture 6. DNA based methods
47
What is the tuberculin hypersensitivity skin test?
inj. animal with M. bovis protein, look for swelling of inj site in 72 hrs.
48
T/F. cows infected with M. bovis can be treated and cured
F. not recommended to tx, culling is best option
49
T/F. there are no vaccines available for M bovis
T
50
What are the 5 elements of bovine TB eradication programs?
1. Dz surveillance 2. Pre and post movement cattle testing 3. Removal of cattle exposed to TB 4. Tracing source 5. Wildlife control
51
A chronic, progressive granulomatous enteritis in cattle infected with M. avium subsp paratuberculosis
Johne's Dz
52
Who is the primary host of Johne's Dz
Cattle
53
What is the pathogenesis of Johnes Dz
ingestion of contaminated milk or in utero. found in macrophages in the intestine and ln. will lay dormant for 2-5 years
54
symptoms of Johne's Dz
diarrhea and wt. loss
55
3 Dx methods for paratuberculosis
1. Acid fast stain 2. Culture 3. PCR
56
Dx method for Johne's dz commonly used in cattle herds to detect humoral immune response to MAP
ELISA
57
When do false negative ELISAs occur when testing for Johne's Sz
In advanced stages of dz due to anergy
58
How do yo treat Johne's Dz
Not recommended to tx
59
List some prevention measures for Johne's dz
1. culling infectd 2. detection of asymptomatic carriers 3. Separation of calves at birth 4. pasture rotation
60
Is their a vaccine available for Johne's dz
Yes, restricted due to reactions
61
In Johne's dz who is most susceptible?
Young
62
What 3 subsp. of Mycobacterium avium intracellular complex?
1. subsp. avium 2. subsp. sylvactium 3. subsp. hominisuis
63
disease caused by M. ulcerans
Buruli ulcer
64
one of the fequent mycobacteral diseases in humans in certain geographic regions
Buruli ulcer
65
What causes tissue necrosis in buruli ulcer?
cytotoxin mycolactone
66
Mycobacterium that causes leprosy or hansen's dz
M. leprae
67
how is M leprae shed?
through the nose, not the skin
68
What is the only known animal reservoir for M leprae?
9 banded armadillo
69
What is the diff. between tuberculoid leprosy and lepromatous leprosy?
TL (paucibacillary)- few acid fast positive bacilli in the lesion LL- (multibacillary)- no cell mediated response, severe dz with numerous acid fast positive bacilli
70
What is M. lepraemurium
Feline and murine leprosy
71
What does it mean when an organism is fastidious
hard to culture
72
what is the result of M lepraemurim infection
granulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis
73
How do you dx M lepraemurium?
Direct staining culture biopsy and histopathy PCR
74
In Gram stain of M. lepraemurium _positive/negative_ stained bacilli are generally observed
negative
75
T/F In a gram stain fof M lepraemurium gram negative bacilli are commonly observed
F. negative stained not gram negative
76
How do you tx M. lepraemurium
1. surgical excision | 2. Rifampin, Clarithromycin, Clofazimine
77
What abx can be given to dogs with M. lepraemurium?
Doxycycline
78
What are the 2 categories of Saprophytic Mycobacterium
1. rapid growing | 2. slow growing
79
type of mycobacterium that causes chronic, non-healing cutaneous lesions that do not respond to common antibacterial tx
Saprophytic mycobacterium

Bacteriology (31 decks)

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