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Bacteriology > Exam 1: Gram Positive Streptococcus + Enterococcus > Flashcards

Exam 1: Gram Positive Streptococcus + Enterococcus Flashcards

1
Q

What does streptococcus look like?

A

Gram + cocci in chains

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2
Q

T/F Streptococcus is spore forming.

A

F. Non spore forming

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3
Q

Is streptococcus catalase positive or negative

A

Positive

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4
Q

Where are streptococcus commensals?

A

on mucus membranes of the upper resp. tract and lower urogenital tract

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5
Q

T/F. Streptococcus do not survive well in the environment.

A

T. susceptible to desicccation

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6
Q

What are 3 ways to differentiate between streptococci species?

A
  1. Type of hemolysis
  2. Lancefield classification
  3. Biochemical testing
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7
Q

What are the 3 types of hemolysis used to differentiate streptococci?

A
  1. Beta-hemolytic
  2. Alpha- hemolytic
  3. Gamma- hemolytic
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8
Q

clear, complete hemolysis generally found in pyogenic spp.

A

Beta-hemolytic

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9
Q

Green, partial hemolysis found in S. suis and S. dysgalactiae

A

Alpha hemolysis

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10
Q

No hemolysis, found in enterococcus spp.

A

Gamma hemolytic

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11
Q

a serologic classification dividing hemolytic streptococci into groups (A-H) that bear a definite relationship to their sources, based on precipitation tests depending on group-specific carbohydrate substances

A

Lancefield classification

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12
Q

The Lancefield classification is based on cell wall polysaccharide antigen known as _____

A

C-substance

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13
Q

What are the two tests performed in the Lancefield classification?

A
  1. ring precipitation test

2. Latex agglutination test

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14
Q

T/F. Streptococci can be either Primary pathogenic infections or secondary infections.

A

T

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15
Q

What is an example of a primary streptococcal infection?

A

Strangles

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16
Q

____- hemolytic streptococci are generally more pathogenic

A

Beta

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17
Q

What are the 2 virulence factors of streptococci that are used for invasion?

A
  1. Streptokinase

2. Hyaluronidase

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18
Q

What is the virulence factor of streptococci that is used for adhesion?

A

Protein F

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19
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors of streptococci that are used for Evasion?

A
  1. M protein
  2. Hyaluronan
  3. Streptolysins
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20
Q

What are the 2 virulence factors of streptococci that are used as toxins?

A
  1. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

2. Lipoteichoic acid

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21
Q

What are the 7 streptococcal spp. that are of vet. importance?

A
  1. S. equi subsp. equi
  2. S. Suis
  3. S. agalactiae
  4. S. dysgalactiae
  5. S uberis
  6. S. canis
  7. S. equi. subsp. zooepidemicus
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22
Q

Equine infection caused by Streptococcus equi. subsp. equi

A

Strangles= Equine distemper

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23
Q

What is strangles?

A

highly contagious dz. cause by Streptococcus equi. subsp. equi, involving the upper resp. tract with abscessation of lymphnodes

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24
Q

T/F. Streptococcus equi subsp. equi is commensal

25
Q

Horse comes into your clinic with: fever, depression, anorexia, followed by purulent oculonasal discharge. what do you expect?

A

Streptococcal equi subsp. equi

26
Q

Which lymph nodes are affected in strangles?

A

submandibular and retropharyngeal lnn.

27
Q

What are the major complication of Strangles?

A
  1. guttural pouch empyema
  2. Bastard Strangles
  3. Purpura haemorrhagica
  4. Asymptomatic carriers
28
Q

What are 3 ways you can dx. strangles in horses?

A
  1. culturing from abscess
  2. Serology (ELISA)
  3. PCR
29
Q

What protein are you looking for in you diagnosis’s?

30
Q

What protein is found in vaccinations for strangles?

31
Q

T/F. Strangles is a reportable disease?

A

T. in many states

32
Q

Recognized worldwide as a cause of significant losses in the pig industry, associated with meningitis, arthritis, septicemia, and bronchopneumonia in pigs.

A

Streptococcus suis

33
Q

What is another name for streptococcus suis?

A

Nursery dz

34
Q

Pigs are natural carriers of S. suis in their ____

A

Tonsillar tissue

35
Q

What is the predominant serotype worldwide of streptococcus suis?

A

Serotype 2

36
Q

T/F Streptococcus suis is zoonotic

37
Q

What 3 streptococcal species can cause bovine streptococcal mastitis?

A
  1. S. agalactiae
  2. S. dysgalactiae
  3. S. uberis
38
Q

What are the 2 types of bovine streptococcal mastitis?

A
  1. contagious mastitis

2. environmental mastitis

39
Q

What species of streptococcus causes contagious masttis?

A

S agalactiae

40
Q

What two species of streptococcus causes environmental mastitis in cows?

A
  1. S. dysgalactiae

2. S. uberis

41
Q

Treatment and preventionof bovine streptococcal mastitis?

A
  1. pre and post teat dipping
  2. reduce teat injury
  3. Dry cow treatment
  4. nutrition
  5. hygiene
  6. screen cow before entering herd
  7. monitor somatic cell count in milk
42
Q

What species of streptococcus causes pyogenic streptococcus

A
  1. S equi subsp. zooepidemicus
  2. S. canis
  3. S. pyogenes
43
Q

T/F. dogs can become infected with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

A

T. Dog, pig, horse, cow, sheep

44
Q

What is the usual habitat of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

A

mucous membranes

45
Q

T/F Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is zoonotic?

A

T. causes meningitis in humans

46
Q

Streptococcal species that causes toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis in dogs and cats

A

Streptococcus canis

47
Q

T/F. Streptoccus canis is commensal?

A

T. commensal on skin and mucus membranes in cats and dogs

48
Q

Streptococcus species that causes anything from mild superficial skin dz to life threatening flesh eating disease

A

S. pyogenes

49
Q

Gram positive ovoids, often found in pairs or short chains

A

Enterococcus

50
Q

T/F Enterococcus are anaerobes

A

F. facultative anaerobes

51
Q

T/F. Enterococcus are motle

A

T. some strains are

52
Q

T/F. Enterococcus are non spore forming

53
Q

Are Enterococcus Catalase positive or negative

54
Q

Where are Enterococcus commensal?

55
Q

T/F. Enterococcus are opportunistic pathogens

56
Q 
Oooprtunistic infectionof enterococcus that can cause:
wound infections
mastitis in cattle
UTI in dogs
Ear infections in dogs
Nosocomial infections
A

Enterococcus faecalis/ faecium

57
Q

T/F Enterococcus are naturally resistant to many antimicrobials

58
Q

Why are nosocomial infections of enterococcus important to us?

A

innate resistance to antimicrobial drugs

Bacteriology (31 decks)

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