Equal Opportunity

Question 1

People who are covered under a particular federal, state, or local antidiscrimination law.

Answer 1

protected class

Question 2

Occurs when an applicant or employee is treated differently because of his or her membership in a protected class.

Answer 2

disparate treatment discrimination

Question 3

Results when a policy that appears to be neutral has a discriminatory effect.

Answer 3

Disparate impact (adverse impact)

Question 4

This landmark piece of US legislation was the nation’s first comprehensive federal law making it unlawful to discriminate in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Answer 4

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 5

Refers to the country - including those that no longer exist - of one’s birth or of one’s ancestors’ birth.

Answer 5

national origin

Question 6

This discrimination involves treating someone (applicant/employee) differently because he or she is of a certain race or because of personal characteristics associated with race.

Answer 6

race

Question 7

The classification of people as male or female.

Answer 7

sex

Question 8

The socially constructed system that associates masculinity or femininity with certain roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes.

Answer 8

gender

Question 9

One’s internal, personal sense of being a man or a woman, which may or may not be the same as one’s sexual assignment at birth.

Answer 9

gender identity

Question 10

The sexual, romantic, or emotional/spiritual attraction that one feels for persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or both sexes and more than one gender.

Answer 10

sexual orientation

Question 11

Amended Title VII and gave the EEOC authority to “back up” its administrative findings and conduct its own enforcement litigation.

Answer 11

Equal Employment Opportunity Act

Question 12

Amended Title VII to prohibit discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions; it requires employers to treat pregnancy the same as any other temporary disability.

Answer 12

Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA)

Question 13

Cover all aspects of the selection process, including recruiting, testing, interviewing, and performance appraisals.

Answer 13

Uniform Guidelines for Employee Selection Procedures (Uniform Guidelines)

Question 14

Set the standard for determining whether discrimination based on disparate impact exists.

Answer 14

Griggs v Duke Power

Question 15

One of the first cases to apply the sex discrimination provisions of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to employment decisions.

Answer 15

Phillips v Martin Marietta Corporation

Question 16

Jury trials are allowed in cases where the plaintiff seeks compensatory or punitive damages.

Answer 16

Civil Rights Act of 1991

Question 17

Prohibits discrimination in the workplace on the basis of age.

Answer 17

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)

Question 18

Amended the ADEA to prohibit discrimination in two areas: Employee benefits and waivers of claims

Answer 18

Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)

Question 19

A landmark civil rights law protecting qualified individuals with disabilities from discrimination in many areas.

Answer 19

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Question 20

The primary job duties that a qualified individual must be able to perform, either with or without accommodation.

Answer 20

essential functions

Question 21

• An impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
• A record of such an impairment.
• Is regarded as having such an impairment.

Answer 21

disability

Question 22

Overturned several US Supreme Court decisions that narrowly interpreted the definition of disability.

Answer 22

ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA)

Question 23

Modifying or adjusting a job application process, a work environment, or the circumstances under which a job is usually performed to enable a qualified individual with a disability to be considered for the job and perform its essential functions.

Answer 23

reasonable accommodation

Question 24

Means “this for that” or “something for something”. Occurs when an employee is forced to choose between giving in to a superior’s sexual demands or forfeiting a benefit.

Answer 24

Quid pro quo harrassment

Question 25

Occurs when sexual or other discriminatory conduct is so sever and pervasive that is unreasonably interferes with an individual’s performance.

Answer 25

Hostile environment harrassment

Question 26

Legal doctrine under which a party can be held liable for the wrongful actions of another party.

Answer 26

vicarious liability