Change Management

Question 1

When change is introduced, there is typically a decline in performance and then a slow return to previous levels and - if the change is effective and if it is managed effectively - a more rapid growth to a new level of performance

Answer 1

J curve

Question 2

If people believe in the overall purpose of and reason for the change, they will make a legitimate effort to change themselves. Those leading a change initiative should communicate how proposed changes are necessary to achieve the organization’s strategic goals and/or values.

Answer 2

Shared purpose

Question 3

Structures, management processes and encouragement, measurement, communication and other critical support factors must be present and congruent with the desired change initiative.

Answer 3

Reinforcement systems

Question 4

While this need may seem obvious, it is often overlooked. Training is a much more efficient and effective method than trial and error for equipping people with the knowledge and skills to be successful.

Answer 4

Skills required for change

Question 5

The presence of a role model within an individual employee’s sphere of influence makes change real and demonstrates, in real time, that change is possible. Many role models (in addition to managers and executives) need to be present throughout the organization to keep the message of change alive until it becomes part of the way the organization operates.

Answer 5

Consistent role models

Question 6

The purpose of this step is to get people to accept that the change will occur. Reducing factors that work against change is critical at this stage.

Answer 6

Lewin’s Model - Step 1: Unfreezing

Question 7

During the second step, the focus is on getting people to accept the new, desired state.

Answer 7

Lewin’s Model - Step 2: Moving

Question 8

Once the change has been implemented and generally accepted, the focus should be on making the new idea a regular part of the organization.

Answer 8

Lewin’s Model - Step 3: Refreezing

Question 9

This approach relies on a top-down sequence with complete change at each level. Change at one level or unit high up in the organization eventually transforms the units and levels beneath it.

Answer 9

Cascade

Question 10

In this model, the change originates at the top and is broadcast to the entire organization. Individuals slowly change with added information, and the change becomes uniform across business units.

Answer 10

Progressive

Question 11

This method relies on independent centers and multiple origins of the change within the organization. Points of origin can be at any level. Organic change radiates out unevenly but accelerates when top leadership supports local change and local leaders.

Answer 11

Organic