Endocrine Review Flashcards
Most common endocrinopathy of older cats
HyperT
Young-mid age FEMALE dogs most often affected
Hypoadrenocorticism
Addison’s
Hypoadrenocorticism
Occurs in middle aged med/lg breed dogs
HypoT
Occurs in mid-older (avg 12yo) dogs and rarely in cats
Hyperadrenocorticism
Cushing’s
Hyperadrenocorticism
Most commonly diagnosed in 7-10yo dogs but also common in cats
Hyperglycemia
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperglycemia
Clinical signs of this imbalance are only seen when severe
HypoCa
Causes PU/PD, inappetance and V/D, and dystrophic mineralization
HyperCa
Idiopathic form of this disease is rare but occurs mostly in small breed female dogs
Primary hypoCa
What is the most common cause of hypoCa?
Iatrogenic (post-thyroidectomy)
Puerperal tetany aka milk fever occurs more often in what breed of dogs?
Small breeds
How does the body respond to a minor decrease in Ca?
Increases PTH
How does the body respond to a major drop in Ca?
Increases PTH and Vit D3
What are the only diseases that cause hypoCa severe enough for clinical signs?
Eclampsia and hypoPTH
How can you ddx eclampsia from hypoPTH?
Phosphorus will be increased w/hypoPTH
How is an ECG affected by hypoCa?
Deep, wide T-waves
Prolonged Q-T and S-T intervals
How do you treat hypoCa?
IV Ca gluconate
How can you treat hyperCa?
Saline duresis, furosemide, calcitonin
What are the main systems of the body affected by hypoT?
Weight, attitude, skin and coat
Rough, thin coat, rat tail, seborrhea
HypoT
What endocrine disease causes myxedema?
HypoT
Deposition of mucopolysaccharides in the dermis
Myxedema
Scraggly, unkempt coat, weight loss, thyroid slip, PU/PD, GI signs, tachycardia, loss of facial muscle mass
HyperT
What is the most common cause of hyperT?
Functional tumor (adenoma)
What is the most common cause of hypoT?
Thyroid disease (idiopathic or lymphocytic thyroiditis)
2* hypoT is caused by a disease in the _____
Pituitary
Waxing/waning signs of ADR, dehydration, possible bradycardia
Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)
Lack of cortisol/things that control mineralocotricoids
Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)
What is atypical hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)?
Pituitary lesion that decreases ACTH
How can a dog develop iatrogenic hypoadrenocortism (Addison’s)?
Abrupt discontinuation of steroids w/o time for atrophied adrenal glands to respond
What is the precursor of aldosterone and cortisol (and androgens)?
Cholestrol
How will hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s) affect and ECG?
Bradycardia w/absent P-wave and spiked T-wave
What biochemistry panel is most commonly elevated in cats with hyperT?
ALT
What biochemistry parameters allow you to make a presumptive hypoT dx?
Low T4 + high TSH
How do you test for hyperT?
T4 or fT4 eqd
How do you treat hypoT?
Levothyroxine, Soloxine or Leventa
Why are hyperT cats more prone to UTI?
Dilute urine promotes bacterial growth
What % of thyroid tumors are bilateral?
70%
How do you treat hyperT?
30d methimazole + I-131
Will you see a stress leukogram with hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)? Why or why not?
No b/c no cortisol to cause it
Azotemia, hypoNa, and hyperK can indicate what endocrine disaease?
Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)
How do you treat hypoadrenocorticism?
Dexmethasone, fluids, maintenance steroids
Patients with atypical Addison’s only require which steroid supplementation?
Glucocorticoids
What fluid therapy is used to restore blood volume and treat hyperK associated with hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)?
NaCl + Ca gluconate/dextrose
What will an ACTH stim test result be in an animal with hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)?
Flat line
