Antimicrobials Review Flashcards
What are the three classes in the beta lactam abx family?
Penicillins, cephalosporins, Carbapenems
Binds to PBP to disrupt cross-linking of peptidoglycan causing weakness and rupture of the cell wall
Beta lactams
Drugs that work on the bacterial cell wall or cell membrane
Beta lactams, glycopeptides, polypeptides, and bacitracins
Commonly combined w/other abx in ophthalmic preparations
Bacitracin
Big gun abx that bind up peptidoglycan polymers to prevent cross-linking
Glycopeptides
Vancomycin is what type of abx?
Glycopeptide
Which abx damage the cell membrane and are only used topically d/t potential toxicity?
Polypeptides
Which drugs disrupt protein synthesis of bacteria?
Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols
Which abx work at the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes?
Macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols
Which of the protein synthesis inhibitors is also disrupts proofreading?
Aminoglycosides
Which abx work at the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes?
Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides
Which abx disrupt conversion of PABA to folic acid and thereby disrupts formation of RNA?
Sulfonamides
What abx are bacteriostatic on their own but can be bactericidal when combined with other abx?
Sulfonamides
Which abx inhibit DNS-gyrase to cause failrue of superhelix formation?
Fluoroquinolones
Which abx damage/affect production of DNA/RNA?
Fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides
Which abx is really good against anaerobes?
Metronidazole
What is the abx of choice for rickettsial diseases?
Doxycycline
What abx is contraindicated for use in guinea pigs?
Streptomycin
Spectrum of activity includes gram +, anaerobes, and limited gram -
Penicillins
Spectrum of activity includes gram +/- and anaerobes
Cephalosporins, TMS, Chloramphenicol
Which classes of abx should NOT be used in rabbits?
Cephalosporins, penicillins, lincosamides, macrolides
Which abx can be ototoxic and nephrotoxic and should be used with caution in animals w/renal dz or hypovolemia?
Aminoglycosides
Spectrum of activity includes gram - only
Aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones
Which abx can damage cartilage in young animals?
Fluoroquinolones
Spectrum of activity includes gram +/-, anaerobes, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and rickettsial organisms
Tetracyclines
Which abx can cause discoloration of the teeth?
Tetracyclines
Which abx causes bone marrow suppression in humans that come in contact with it?
Chloramphenicol
How do you treat R. equi pneumonia in foals?
Rifampin
Spectrum of activity includes gram + and anaerobes
Macrolides and lincosamides
Spectrum of activity includes anaerobes and protozoa
Metronidazole
Which abx can have neurologic side effects?
Metronidazole
