Endocrine Review 2 Flashcards
What endocrine disease causes bilaterally symmetrical alopecia?
Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)
What endocrine disease produces a pendulous abdomen?
Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)
Calcinosis cutis is a consequence of which endocrine disease?
Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)
What is the typical reason that a Cushingoid dog presents to the vet?
“Being old” and urinating in inappropriate places
Excessive panting can be a clinical sign of which endocrine disease?
Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)
What type of hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s) is most common?
PDH (80-85% of cases)
Pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s) is caused by what?
ACTH-secreting tumor
What is the ratio of adrenal carcinoma: adrenal adenomas that cause hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)?
50/50
How common are bilateral adrenal tumors?
Rare
If bilateral adrenal tumors are present, how will they present?
Nonfunctional on one side and pheochromocytoma of opposite adrenal
What test do ALL suspect cushingoid dogs have performed?
Urine culture
How do you dx hyperadrenocorticism?
LDDST
How does dexamethasone administration affect a normal dog?
Normally decreases ACTH
No suppression at 8h on a LDDST indicates what disease?
Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)
How do you ddx PDH from AT?
No suppression @ 8h + 50% suppression @ 4h = PDH
What is the test of choice for iatrogenic Cushings/Addison’s?
ACTH stim test
How does ketoconazole help treat hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)?
Decreases circulating cortisol concentrations
Synthetic steroid that inhibits cortisol and aldosterone but can cause hyperK
Trilostane
This drug helps dogs “pee in the right places” but doesn’t necessarily treat Cushing’s
Anipryl
What is the treatment of choice for AT Cushing’s?
Adrenalectomy (commonly done in ferrets)
What % of adrenal tumors are mineralized/metastasized?
50%
Increased ALP and cholesterol with decreased USG + proteinuria might indicate what disease?
Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)
Dogs with PU/PD and weight loss likely have what endocrinopathy?
Hyperglycemia (DM)
What is the most common reason that DM dogs present to the vet?
Needing to pee at night or pee in the house
Plantigrade stance is associated with which endocrinopathy?
Hyperglycemia (DM)
Which endocrinopathy can cause cataracts?
Hyperglycemia (DM)
How can you ddx DM and Cushings in dogs with PU/PD?
DM includes weight loss
What is the main clinical sign of hyperPTH/hyperCa?
PU/PD
What is the goal of hypoPTH/hypoCa therapy?
Maintain low normal Ca+2 levels (8-10mg/dL)
Why do you not want to provide Ca supplementation prior to parturition?
Makes eclampsia worse
What type of DM is more common in cats?
Type 2 (insulin resistance and beta cell burnout)
What type of DM is more common in dogs?
Type 1 (failure of beta cells to produce insulin)
What are factors that can predispose to insulin resistance?
Obesity, chronic DM, other endocrinopathies
What test can you to if you’re unsure if hyperglycemia is d/t DM?
Fructosamine
How will e-lytes be affected in an animal with DM?
All out of whack
What type of insulin do you want to use for DKA patients?
Short-acting
Can DM remission occur?
Only in cats and only 20-40% of the time
What value is considered “insulin resistance”?
Dose >2 IU/kg
What are ddx for hyperCa?
HARDIONS (hyperPTH, Addison’s, renal failure, hyperVit D, idiopathic hyperCa of cats, osteolysis, neoplasia, spurious)
What test can you use to measure glucose regulation over the last 6-9wk?
GHb
A fructosamine test assesses glycemic control over the last _____
2-3wk
What does a glucose curve show?
Peak insulin activity (should bottom out @6h)
What is the rule of thumb for initiating insulin therapy?
Start low, go slow
