Cardio Review 1

Question 1

Response to volume overload in the heart

Answer 1

Eccentric hypertophy

Question 2

Response to pressure overload in the heart

Answer 2

Concentric hypertrophy

Question 3

What is the most common congenital defect in dogs?

Answer 3

PDA

Question 4

Which direction does blood flow in a PDA?

Answer 4

L to R (aorta to PA)

Question 5

What type of hypertrophy occurs with PDA and on which side of the heart?

Answer 5

L eccentric (volume)

Question 6

What is the only heart disease that causes a continuous murmur?

Answer 6

PDA

Question 7

How do you treat a PDA?

Answer 7

Transcatheter occlusion

Question 8

Why can you not fix a reverse PDA?

Answer 8

Closing the shunt would increase PA pressure too much

Question 9

What congenital defect may not be present at birth?

Answer 9

Aortic stenosis

Question 10

What type of breeds is aortic stenosis more commonly seen in?

Answer 10

Lg/giant breeds (GR, GSD, Rottie, Newfoundland, Boxer)

Question 11

What congenital heart defect can cause sudden death d/t ventricular arrhytmia?

Answer 11

Aortic stenosis

Question 12

What type of CHF signs will you see with aortic stenosis?

Answer 12

L-CHF

Question 13

What type of CHF signs will you see with pulmonic stenosis?

Answer 13

R-CHF

Question 14

What type of hypertrophy occurs with aortic stenosis and which side of the heart is affected?

Answer 14

L concentric (pressure)

Question 15

What type of hypertrophy occurs w/pulmonic stenosis and which side of the heart is affected?

Answer 15

R concentric (pressure)

Question 16

RV must generate increased pressure in order to maintain CO with this disease

Answer 16

Pulmonic stenosis

Question 17

How can you diagnose aortic stenosis on radiographs?

Answer 17

Prominent ascending aorta

Question 18

How do you treat aortic stenosis?

Answer 18

Atenolol may decrease chance of ventricular arrhythmias but no curative tx

Question 19

How do you treat pulmonic stenosis?

Answer 19

Balloon valvulplasty (palliative)

Question 20

What is the goal of pulmonic stenosis treatment?

Answer 20

Decrease pressure gradient by 50%

Question 21

Which pulmonic stenosis candidates are eligible for balloon valvuloplasty?

Answer 21

PG > 80

Question 22

What is the most common congenital defect in cats (and cows)?

Answer 22

VSD

Question 23

What type of hypertrophy is seen with VSD and which side of the heart is affected?

Answer 23

L eccentric (volume)

Question 24

Causes a R systolic parasternal murmur

Answer 24

VSD

Question 25

The smaller the VSD, the _____ the murmur

Answer 25

Louder

Question 26

How do you treat VSD?

Answer 26

ACE inhibiors or open heart sx

Question 27

What is the most common cause of cyanotic cardiac disease?

Answer 27

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 28

What are the components of tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 28

PS, RV hypertrophy, VSD, overriding aorta

Question 29

How do you treat tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 29

Partial balloon valvuloplasty, propanolol, open heart sx

Question 30

Where will you a hear an aortic stenosis murmur?

Answer 30

Systolic L base

Question 31

Where will you hear a pulmonic stenosis murmur?

Answer 31

Systolic R base