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VetPrep Practice Questions > Cardio Review 3 > Flashcards

Cardio Review 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Sinus rhythm w/low HR

A

Sinus bradycardia

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2
Q

What ECG characteristics will you see w/sinus bradycardia?

A

Long RR

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of sinus bradycardia?

A

Increased/high vagal tone

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4
Q

What is the maximum threshold for sinus tachycardia in dogs and in cats?

A

Rarely >220 in dogs and >280 in cats

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5
Q

What ECG characteristics will you see w/sinus tachycardia?

A

Short RR, P waves superimposed on T waves

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of sinus tachycardia?

A

High sympathetic tone

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7
Q

What are causes of high sympathetic tone?

A

Hypotension, hypoxia, anemia, pain

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8
Q

When is sinus tachycardia considered “normal” and should not be suppressed?

A

Fear/excitement

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9
Q

What cardio condition causes a “tracheal sign” on rads?

A

PRAA

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10
Q

With PRAA, which aortic arch is persistent in fetal development?

A

4th

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11
Q

At what age should “innocent” murmurs disappear?

A

6 months of age

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12
Q

Premature depolarization generated by ectopic impulses in the atrium

A

SVPC/APC

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13
Q

What ECG characteristics will you see with APCs?

A

P’, narrow QRS, followed by a pause

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14
Q

What endocrine disease can cause APCs?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of APCs?

A

Atrial dilation

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16
Q

What type of atrial tumor can cause APCs?

A

Hemangiosarcoma

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17
Q

When is treatment for APCs considered?

A

Only if frequent sustained

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18
Q

What is the first choice of treatment for SVT?

A

Diltiazem

19
Q

> 3 consecutive APCs w/fast HR

A

SVT

20
Q

What characteristics will you see on SVT ECG?

A

P’, narrow QRS, sustained regular rhythm

21
Q

Chaotic/disorganized and rapid ventricular impulses

A

Ventricular fibrillation

22
Q

Fatal rhythm

A

Ventricular fibrillation

23
Q

Which rhythm is considered an emergency d/t its ability to deteriorate into V-fib?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

24
Q

Which rhythm has the same features as VF but without tachycardia?

A

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR)

25
Q

What e-lyte abnormality causes AIVR?

A

Hypokalemia

26
Q

Erratic waves of variable morphology on ECG indicate what rhythm?

A

V-fib

27
Q

Ventricles quivering instead of contracting

A

V-fib

28
Q

Which rhythm is assoc. w/no cardiac output and therefore no BP?

A

V-fib

29
Q

How do you treat unstable V-tach?

A

IV lidocaine

30
Q

How do you treat stable V-tach?

A

Oral mexiletine/sotalol

31
Q

What e-lyte imbalance can cause VPCs and VT?

A

Hypokalemia

32
Q

What ECG characteristics will you see with VPCs?

A

Premature and wide QRS not assoc. w/P wave

33
Q

What ECG characteristics will you see with VT?

A

Wide and bizarre QRS, no P waves, uniform waveform

34
Q

Premature depolarization generated by ectopic focus in ventricular tissue

A

VPCs

35
Q

Pathologic tachycardia originating above ventricles

A

SVT

36
Q

Chaotic and rapid arterial impulses (400-1200/min)

A

A-fib

37
Q

No coordinated atrial contraction leading to ventricles activated at a fast rate and at irregular intervals

A

A-fib

38
Q

Which rhythm requires a large surface area to occur?

A

A-fib

39
Q

What ECG characteristics will you see with A-fib?

A

No P waves, narrow QRS, fine baseline undulations

40
Q

How do you treat A-fib?

A

Rate control w/diltiazem (some + digoxin)

41
Q

Organized and rapid arterial impulse

A

Atrial flutter

42
Q

Saw tooth morphology on ECG

A

Atrial flutter

43
Q

If you suspect atrial flutter but HR is too fast to diagnose, how can you slow the HR?

A

Vagal maneuver

44
Q

What ECG characteristics will you see with atrial flutter?

A

No P waves (saw tooth instead), narrow QRS

VetPrep Practice Questions (47 decks)

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