Cardio Review 3 Flashcards
Sinus rhythm w/low HR
Sinus bradycardia
What ECG characteristics will you see w/sinus bradycardia?
Long RR
What is the most common cause of sinus bradycardia?
Increased/high vagal tone
What is the maximum threshold for sinus tachycardia in dogs and in cats?
Rarely >220 in dogs and >280 in cats
What ECG characteristics will you see w/sinus tachycardia?
Short RR, P waves superimposed on T waves
What is the most common cause of sinus tachycardia?
High sympathetic tone
What are causes of high sympathetic tone?
Hypotension, hypoxia, anemia, pain
When is sinus tachycardia considered ānormalā and should not be suppressed?
Fear/excitement
What cardio condition causes a ātracheal signā on rads?
PRAA
With PRAA, which aortic arch is persistent in fetal development?
4th
At what age should āinnocentā murmurs disappear?
6 months of age
Premature depolarization generated by ectopic impulses in the atrium
SVPC/APC
What ECG characteristics will you see with APCs?
Pā, narrow QRS, followed by a pause
What endocrine disease can cause APCs?
Hyperthyroidism
What is the most common cause of APCs?
Atrial dilation
What type of atrial tumor can cause APCs?
Hemangiosarcoma
When is treatment for APCs considered?
Only if frequent sustained
What is the first choice of treatment for SVT?
Diltiazem
> 3 consecutive APCs w/fast HR
SVT
What characteristics will you see on SVT ECG?
Pā, narrow QRS, sustained regular rhythm
Chaotic/disorganized and rapid ventricular impulses
Ventricular fibrillation
Fatal rhythm
Ventricular fibrillation
Which rhythm is considered an emergency d/t its ability to deteriorate into V-fib?
Ventricular tachycardia
Which rhythm has the same features as VF but without tachycardia?
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR)
What e-lyte abnormality causes AIVR?
Hypokalemia
Erratic waves of variable morphology on ECG indicate what rhythm?
V-fib
Ventricles quivering instead of contracting
V-fib
Which rhythm is assoc. w/no cardiac output and therefore no BP?
V-fib
How do you treat unstable V-tach?
IV lidocaine
How do you treat stable V-tach?
Oral mexiletine/sotalol
What e-lyte imbalance can cause VPCs and VT?
Hypokalemia
What ECG characteristics will you see with VPCs?
Premature and wide QRS not assoc. w/P wave
What ECG characteristics will you see with VT?
Wide and bizarre QRS, no P waves, uniform waveform
Premature depolarization generated by ectopic focus in ventricular tissue
VPCs
Pathologic tachycardia originating above ventricles
SVT
Chaotic and rapid arterial impulses (400-1200/min)
A-fib
No coordinated atrial contraction leading to ventricles activated at a fast rate and at irregular intervals
A-fib
Which rhythm requires a large surface area to occur?
A-fib
What ECG characteristics will you see with A-fib?
No P waves, narrow QRS, fine baseline undulations
How do you treat A-fib?
Rate control w/diltiazem (some + digoxin)
Organized and rapid arterial impulse
Atrial flutter
Saw tooth morphology on ECG
Atrial flutter
If you suspect atrial flutter but HR is too fast to diagnose, how can you slow the HR?
Vagal maneuver
What ECG characteristics will you see with atrial flutter?
No P waves (saw tooth instead), narrow QRS
