Clin Path Review 6 Flashcards
What can you detect with a urinalysis?
Renal function, metabolic disease, systemic disease
What are probable causes of pink-red or red-brown urine?
Hematuria, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria
What are probable causes of brown-black urine?
Methemoglobinuria, bile pigment
What are probable causes of yellow-orange urine?
Highly concentrated, bilirubinuria
What are probably causes of yellow-green urine?
Bilrubin, biliverdin
What does USG evaluate for?
How well the kidneys are filtering/diluting the urine
What are differentials for glucosuria?
DM, acute pancreatitis, stress
What does ketonuria indicate?
DKA, negative energy balance
What causes hematuria?
Inflammation, infection, trauma
What does hemoglobinuria indicate?
Hemolysis (anemia)
What does myoglobinuria indicate?
Muscle injury (look for incr. CK/AST)
Red supernatant indicates what?
Hemo/myoglobinuria
Large, colorless prism-like crystals (“coffin lids”)
Struvite
Most common crystals in dogs and cats
Struvite
What urine pH promotes struvite formation?
Alkaline
What diet do you prescribe for struvite crystal dissolution?
Acidifying diet
This urine crystal is normal in horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, and goats
Calcium carbonate
Free lipid droplets in urine can indicate what pathology?
Renal tubular injury
Increased frequency of urination
Pollakiuria
Markedly decreased urine production
Oliguria
What is the best way to measure GFR?
CREA
Increased BUN can be caused by what?
Upper GI bleed (PLE), decr GFR
Decreased BUN can be caused by what?
PSS, liver insufficiency, incr GFR (diuresis)
Increased CREA can be casued by what?
Decr GFR, altered nephron function
What is CREA influenced by?
Muscle mass
What hormone is GFR dependent on?
Production and responsiveness to ADH (Vasopressin)
What does isosthenuria mean?
Kidney is not concentrating urine
Occurs when kidneys are isosthenuric?
Polyuria
What are renal causes of polyuria?
Renal failure (65% loss of function)
What endocrine diseases cause isosthenuria?
Diabetes, hyperadrenocorticism
Increase in [BUN] and/or increase in [CREA]
Azotemia
Retention of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
Azotemia
What are pre-renal causes of azotemia?
Dehydration, decreased CO/shock, upper GI bleed
How are phosphorus and magnesium affected with decreased GFR (azotemia)?
Increased
Increased BUN +/- increased CREA, increased USG
Pre-renal azotemia
Increased BUN, increased CREA, decreased USG
Renal azotemia
What are causes of renal azotemia?
Hypoxia, neoplasia, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, toxins
Increased BUN, increased CREA, variable USG
Post-renal azotemia
What causes post-renal azotemia?
Obstruction (FLUTD, urolithiasis), uroabodmen
