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A1 > Endo final > Flashcards

Endo final Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium and ___ are opposites

A

Phosphorous

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2
Q

Hypocalcemia symptoms

A

Nervous system excitement
Increased neuron permeability to Na
Tetany, seizures, trosseaus chvosteks, long QT
Laryngospasm
Myocardial depression ??

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3
Q

Hypercalcemia symptoms

A

Skeletal muscle weakness
Nervous system depression
Short QT, long PR, constipation, anorexia

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4
Q

Causes of hyper CA

A

high PTH
second reason??

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5
Q

Treatment for hypercalcemia

A

Fluids
Mithramycin

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6
Q

Major control site of Ph

A

Kidneys

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7
Q

PTH ___ urinary excretion of Ph

A

increases

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8
Q

___ secrete PTH

A

chief cells in the paraythroid

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9
Q

PTH has a/an ____ relationship with calcium

A

direct
A drop in ca will increase pth levels

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10
Q

PTH has a /an ____ relationship with phos

A

inverse

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11
Q

What allows for the absorption of Phos via the GI tract?

A

Vit D3

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12
Q

How does PTH raise Ca

A

Resorption from bone
Reabsorption from distal tubules
Absorption from GI tract

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13
Q

PTH acronym

A

Phosphorous trashing hormone

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14
Q

Calcitonin does what to CA and Ph?

A

Decreases both- weakly

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15
Q

___ has important effect on bone deposition and bone absorption

A

Vit d3

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16
Q

Vit d3 is converted to 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol by ___

A

the liver

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17
Q

CA and __ are similar

A

Mag
MUST treat mag first then Ca bc it is resistant

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18
Q

When is stones bones are groans relevant

A

hyperparathyroidism
kidney stones
bone pains
groans from GI upset

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19
Q

What causes secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

renal disease
vit d deficiency

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20
Q

What deficiency would you suspect if you see bowing, abnromal epiphyseal plates, or osteomalacia

A

Vit d 3 deficiency

21
Q

How does blood PH affect calcium levels?

A

Acidosis increases calcium via less protein binding
Alkalosis decreases calcium via same route

22
Q

Calcium is contraindicated when?

A

DIG toxicity- lethal arrhythmias

23
Q

Calcium can be given to who?

A

Pre eclampsia, mag toxicity

24
Q

Define: endo, exo, para, auto, neuro, crin

A

Endo- function at a distance- vascular
exo- ducts- sweat, salivary
Para- nearby
Auto-self
Neuro- nerve
Crin- to secrete

25
Q

What are the different types of hormones?

A

Peptide/ protein (insulin, gh, adh)
Tyrosine derivatives (catecholamines, t3, t4)
Steroids (ONE, cortisol)

26
Q

Steroids are ___ phillic

A

lipo

27
Q

RCEC examples

A

R- loss of heat to walls, equipment 60%
C- air current 25%
E- open abdominals, sweat, respiration 10%
Cond- table 5%

28
Q

MH triggers

A

SUCC
Volatile agents
NO n2o

28
Q

Whos at highest risk for hypothermia

A

elderly and neonatal

29
Q

dantrolene dose

A

2.5mg/kg q5
Max 10?

30
Q

What is known as the master gland?

A

pituitary

31
Q

What does the posterior pituitary secrete

A

ADH
Oxytocin

32
Q

What does the anterior pituitary secrete?

A

FLAT PG
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSG
Prolactin
GH

33
Q

Anterior pituitary cell types

A

Somatotropes gh
Corticotropes ACTH
Thyrotropes tsh
gonadotropes lh fsh
lactotropes prl

33
Q

the posterior pituitary is aka

A

neurohypophysis

34
Q

What stimulates ADH

A

AT2
SNS
hyperosmolarity
hypernatremia
hypovolemia
hotn

35
Q

What causes DI?

A

Neurogenic/ central- most common- head injury or surgery
nephrogenic- ckd, lithium toxicity, hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, TB,

36
Q

Hypernatremia ____ MAC

A

increases

37
Q

SIADH is caused by

A

Pituitary tumor
Head trauma
SCC lungs/ pulmonary infection

38
Q

Conditions that predispose one to central pontine myelinolysis

A

Alcoholism/ liver disease/ malnutrition
Hyponatremia

39
Q

Treatment of SIADH and DI

A

SIADH- demeclocycline, fluid restriction
DI- DDVAP, fluids

40
Q

Monitor sodium every ___ when treating hyponatremia

A

1 hour

41
Q

Complications of Oxytocin

A

fetal distress/ hyperstimulation
uterine tetany
water intoxication

42
Q

Rapid IV infusion of oxytocin can cause

A

Fixed with lipincott and Vargo-
HOTN
tachy

43
Q

Blood pressure and co2 goals for pituitary surgery

A

normal x2
hypocapnea lowers icp and pulls tumor further into brain

44
Q

Who has subglottic narrowing?

A

down syndrome
acromegaly

45
Q

Main controllers of aldosterone

A

K major
AT2 major
Na
ACTH- minor

46
Q
A

A1 (124 decks)

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