Cardio final

Question 1

Vessel type chart

Answer 1

Aorta
Large artery
Small artery
arterioles- greatest resistance to blood flow
capillaries
venules
veins
vena cava

Question 2

Cardiac output vs arterial pressure dependence

Answer 2

CO- controlled by the sum of all local tissue flows
Arterial pressure is independent of CO and local blood flow

Question 3

PNS is responsible for ____

Answer 3

vagus nerve
sa/ av nodes
little innervation to ventricles

Question 4

na k pump

Answer 4

3:2
3 na out/ 2 k in

Question 5

what channels produce plateau?

Answer 5

l type ca channel

Question 6

how to measure preload

Answer 6

lvedv/lvedp
cvp
pcwp

Question 7

laplace law

Answer 7

pr/h
pressure x radius / thickness

Question 8

nodal cell

Answer 8

4 if- na in, t type ca in
0 l type ca in
3 k out

Question 9

normal aortic valve size

Answer 9

2.5-3.5
<0.8 severe stenosis

Question 10

etiology AS

Answer 10

1-bicuspid calcification
rheumatic fever
infective endocarditis

Question 11

AS presentation

Answer 11

SAD
syncope
angina
dyspnea

Question 12

AS management

Answer 12

full slow constricted w neo

Question 13

MS management

Answer 13

full slow constricted (no b1 agonism, no NO)

Question 14

mitral size

Answer 14

4-6cm
<1cm severe stenosis

Question 15

MS etiology

Answer 15

Rheumatic fever in developing countries
endocarditis and calcification in the US
RA
SLE

Question 16

AR etiology

Answer 16

endocarditis
incompetent valve, dilation of aortic root
marfan, ehler danlos, ankylosing spond

Question 17

AR management

Answer 17

Full fast forward (no phenyl / vaso)

Question 18

MR management

Answer 18

full fast forward

Question 19

MR etiology

Answer 19

rheumatic fever
endocarditis
Many more

Question 20

ASSS ARDS MRSA MSDA

Answer 20

aortic stenosis systolic sternum
aortic regurg diastolic sternum
mitral regurg systolic apex
mitral stenosis diastolic apex

Question 21

3 approaches to tavr

Answer 21

transfemoral
transaortic
transapical

Question 22

2 diff valves for tavr

Answer 22

sapian rvr, cardiac standstill, balloon valvuloplasty
corevalve self expanding, no rvr

Question 23

main complication of tavr

Answer 23

aortic regurg