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Pharmacology > Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus > Flashcards

Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

Parentral hypoglycemic agent/Insulin/Insulin analogues /Insulin preparation

A
  1. Rapid acting/Ultra short acting
  2. Short actng
  3. Intermediate acting
  4. Long acting/Insulin analogues

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1
Q

AntiDiabetic drugs name ?

A
  1. Parental hypoglycemic agnets -INSULIN
  2. Oral H A - CHART

PAGE-474

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2
Q

Insulin analogous name ?

A

Rapid acting/Ultra short acting
1. I LISPRO
2. I ASPART
3. Human I recombinant inhaled

Short acting insulin
1. Regular-Natural-Soluble Insulin

Intermediate acting insulin
1.Isophane insulin
2.I Zn suspension

Long acting insulin
1.Protamine Zn I suspension
2.I glargine
3.I detemir

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3
Q

Bolus Insulin ?

A

short/rapid acting insulin that is given before meal to control post meal rise of blood sugar

476

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4
Q

Basal insulin ?

A

long acting insulin that is released slowly over a period of between 8-24 hours intemded to supply the basal level of insulin during the day and particularly at night time

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5
Q

Indications of insulin ?

A
  1. type-1 dm
  2. uncontrolled dm-ii
  3. dm in = 🤰 =RTA = severe infection = post operative patient
  4. d ketoacidosis
  5. d nephropathy
  6. d neuropathy
  7. d retinopathy
  8. hyperkalemia

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6
Q

A/E of insulin ?

A
  1. insulin hypersensitivity
  2. insulin resresistance
  3. insulin edema
  4. hypokalemia
  5. hypoglycemia
  6. obesity
  7. alopecia
  8. inc cancer risk

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7
Q

Hypoglycemia-Clinical features ?

A
  1. tachycardia
  2. palpitations
  3. severe sweating
  4. nausea
  5. hunger
  6. convulsion
  7. coma
  8. dealth

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8
Q

Tx of Hypoglycemia ?

A
  1. Mild H in a patient who can swallow
    simple sugar/glucose in liquid form
    Glucose gel,honey,sweet,dextrose tablet

2.Unconscious patient
Inj Glucagon(1mg) - (S/C - IM)
Inj 3mg- intranal restore

50% glucose solution IV infusion

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9
Q

Oral hypoglycemic agents ?

A

Insulin secretagogues
1.SulfonylUreas
1st Generation
-Tolbutamide
-TolAzamide
2nd Generation
-Glipizide
-Gliclazide
-glimepiride
2.Meglitinides=Repaglinide

Insulin sensitizers
Biguanide = Metformin
ThiazolidineDiones= PIO & ROSI glitazone

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10
Q

Mechanism of SulfonylUreas?

A

=Block ATP Sensitive K channel
=dec outward K efflux
=depolarization of B cell
=opening of voltage gated Ca channel
=inc intracellular Ca
=inc secretion of Insulin

page-483

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11
Q

Indication of SulfonylUreas?

A
  1. DM-II
  2. Combination of DM-I & DM-II
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12
Q

A/E of SulfonylUreas?

A
  1. Hypoglycemia
  2. Weight gain
  3. nausea
  4. vomiting
  5. Teratogenecity
  6. Aplastic anemia
  7. Hemolytic anemia

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13
Q

Contraindiaction ??

A
  1. 🤰
  2. Lactation
  3. Renal insufficiency
  4. Hepatic insufficiency
  5. Type-1 DM
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14
Q

Metformin Mechanism ??

A

=inc Glucose——-Lactose
=inc glycolysis
=inc glucose removal

=dec plasma glucagon
=dec hepatic & renal gluconeogenesis
=dec glucose absorption

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15
Q

Metfromin indication ?

A
  1. DM-2
  2. Insulin resistance syndrome
16
Q

A/E of Metformin ?

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. nausea
  3. vomiting;diarrhea
  4. lactic acidosis
  5. acute kidney failure
  6. dec V-B12 absorption
  7. megaloblastic anemia

486

17
Q

ThiazoLidineDione mechanism ?

A
  1. ThiazoLidineDione binds with PPAR-GAMA in muscle fat liver
  2. express the gene involve in lipid and glucose metabolism ,insulin signal transduction
  3. promotes glucose uptakle and utilization

487

18
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV Inhibitors name ?

A

GLIPTIN
sita-saxa-lina-alo-vilda

489

19
Q

SitaGliptin Mechanism ?

A

=inhibit DPP-IV
=dec GLP-1 GIP
=degrade GLP-1 LIKE MOLECULES
=degrade incretin

=inc GLP-1 GIP
=dec postprandial glucose excursions
=inc glucose mediated insulin secretion
=dec glucagon level

489

20
Q

SGLT-2 Inhibitors Name ?

A

GLIFLOZIN
empa-cana-dapa-ertu

491

21
Q

SGLT-2 INHIBITORS mechanism ?

A

=G freely filtered by renal glomeruli
=reabsorbed in PCT
=Action of SGLT-2
=Causes-Glycosuria & Lower glucose level in DM-2 patient

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Pharmacology (16 decks)

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