Diversity of Life Pt 3 Flashcards
Phylum chordata includes reptiles, ___, __, __ and mammals. They are triploblastic, coelomates, are _____, and have ___ symmetry, with ___. They have a complete digestive system and ___ circulatory systems. Most reproduce __, but can reproduce asexually
amphibians, birds, fish, deuterostomes, bilateral, cephalization, closed, sexually
Chordates have a ____, or a flexible rod that provides structural support, This becomes the __ __ in vertebrates. They also have the __ __ ___ ___ which develops into the central nervous system. The __ ___ are openings on the back of the mouth that develop into ___ in fish and the ___ and ___ __ in terrestrial chordates. They also have a ____ ___ which is an extension of the posterior end of the body. This is used for swimming in fish and is __ in humans but present during ____ development
notochord, vertebral column, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, gills, jaw, inner ear, post-anal tail, absent, embryonic
Chordata can be divided into ___ organisms have spinal cords enclosed in vertebrae, and ____ that do not have this
vertebrates, invertebrates
Invertebrate _____ or ___, have a tunic that surrounds their bodies that is made of up of ___, and can vary in thickness and resilience. Only the adults have __ ___, and they do not have a notochord, dorsal hollow cord, or ___ ___, only during the ___ stage. Their larval stage are ____, but are ___ as adults. They live in ___ habitats, and are __ ___. They are ___ when reproducing sexually, and can also reproduce by ___.
urochordata, tunicates, carbohydrates, pharyngeal slits, anal tail, larval, motile, sessile, benthic, suspension feeders, hermaphroditic, budding
Invertebrate ____ are also called ___ or ____, and have all 4 key features of chordates even as adults. Like tunicates, their modified __ __ are also used for __ ___
cephalochordata, lancelets, amphioxi, pharyngeal slits, filter feeding
In vertebrates, the notochord is replaced with ___ which protects the spinal cord. This is made of __ or ____. The __ __ ___ ___ becomes the spinal cord and brain. Vertebrates have a ___ to protect the brain, and an ____ made of bone or cartilage.
vertebrae, bone, cartilage, dorsal hollow nerve cord, cranium, endoskeleton
Vertebrates that are ____ have their offspring develop inside the mother, and receive nutrients from their mother. _____ vertebrates are egg laying and the young hatch ___ the mother’s body. The __ __ in the egg provides nutrients. ____ offspring hatch from eggs ___ the mother’s body, and the yolk sac provides the nutrients
viviparous, oviparous, outside, yolk sac, ovoviviparous, inside
Fish have ___ atrium and ___ ventricle. Both give and receive _____ blood. Ventricles pump blood to the ___ ___ where ___ __ ____ occurs. The oxygenated blood is carried to tissues via the __ __, where it becomes deoxygenated again, and back to the ___ which sends it back to the ventricle
1, 1, deoxygenated, gill capillaries, countercurrent gas exchange, body capillaries, atrium
Reptiles have ___ atria and ___ shared ventricle. The first atrium dumps ____ blood into the ventricle and it contracts, sending a mix of deoxygenated and ___ blood to the __ __. The ventricle also pumps blood to the ____, where it become oxygenated, and the second atrium will dump this blood back into the ventricle
2, 1, deoxygenated, oxygenated, body capillaries, gills
In mammals and birds, the first atrium sends deoxygenated blood to first ___, which pumps blood to the ____ in the ___ circuit. This is where the blood is oxygenated. This oxygenated blood is sent is received in the second ___, which pumps blood to the second ventricle, which sends the blood to the ___ __ in the ___ circuit. The blood is the deoxygenated again, and send back to the first atrium via ___ flow. This is the most ___ type of heart because there is no mixing to oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood
ventricle, lungs, pulmonary, atrium, body capillaries, systemic, venous, efficient
All fish have ____, or modified pharyngeal slits used for respiration. They either use ___ ___ which is forcing water from their mouths to pass onto their gills, or __ ___ which is swimming with their mouths open to “ram” water onto their gills.
gills, buccal pumping, ram ventilation
Fish also have a __ ___ or a row of sense organs that detect movement, pressure and ___ in water. They all have ______ ___. Some have __ ___ filled with air to control buoyancy. All fish excrete ___ as a nitrogenous byproduct
lateral line, vibration, two-chambered heart, swim bladders, ammonia
Jawless fish are also called ____. They have no jaw or ___, and no ___, only cartilage. They have no __ __, and are ____, engaging in external fertilization. ____ secrete slime for defence, and are considered vertebrates despite not having a complete __ __. ___ are parasitic and use rows of teeth to latch on and suck ___. These have the ___ __ of a vertebral column
Agnatha, scales, bones, swim bladder, oviparous, hagfish, vertebral column, lampreys, blood, first stages
Cartilaginous fish or ____, have a __ and wide array of teeth. Their jaw is evolved from ___ ___ (pharyngeal slits). They have a ___ skeleton and no __ __. They also have an __ ___ ____ a sensory organ that detects the electrical field of living things and the earth’s __ ___ which is used for navigation. Additional they have a ____ a single opening for excretion, digestion and reproduction. These fish can be ___, ___ and ___. Examples are __ and ___
chondrichthyes, jaw, gill arches, cartilaginous, swim. bladder, ampullae of lorenzini, electromagnetic field, cloaca, oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous, sharks, rays
Bony fish or ___ have a skeleton made of ___. They also have an ___ which is a bony cover that protects the gills. They have no ___, can be oviparous, viviparous, and ovoviviparous. They are also ____. Examples are __, ___ and ___.
osteichthyes, bone, operculum, cloaca, hermaphrodites, tuna, salmon, trout
One subclass of bony fish are ____ __. The other is ___ ___ which includes the lungfish, which as both __ and ___.
ray-finned fish, lobe-finned, lungs, gills
Amphibians are ____ meaning they have 4 limbs, and are _____. Amphibians have moist ____ skin with no scales, and undergo ___ ___. As tadpoles, they have ___ and live in ___ environments, and in adulthood they have ____ and live in ___ habitats
tetrapods, ectotherms, permeable, cutaneous respiration, gills, aquatic, lungs, terrestrial
Amphibians have ____ ___ ____ with a mix of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood. They also have an __ ____ a bone in the ear that transmits sounds. They excrete __ __ in the form of ___. They are ___ or ____ and their eggs need to be laid in water
3 chambered hearts, auricular operculum, nitrogenous waste, urea, oviparous, ovoviviparous,
Category of reptiles, birds and mammals
amniotes
Amniotes have ___ ___which are not ____ like amphibians. Their eggs have an ____, ___ and ______, which can vary in function depending on the type of amniote
waterproof skin, permeable, chorion, amnion, allantois
An amniotic egg has a ___ that provides protection and that has ___ for gas exchange. The ___ is a fluid that provides water and ___ supply and also acts as a cushion. The __ ___ provides the egg with nutrients. The ____ facilitates gas exchange, and the ___ is used for waste storage. The ___ is a membrane surrounding the embyro filled with __ __ to protect it
shell, pores, albumen, protein, yolk sac, chorion, allantois, amnion, amniotic fluid
Reptiles are _____ and have ___ present on their skin. They are ___, and ___. They can be oviparous, ___ and____., and all the reptiles that lay eggs do so on ___. They have ___ and a ___ __ ___. However, __ and ___ have 4 chambered hearts. They excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of __ __
amniotes, scales, tetrapods, ectotherms, viviparous, ovoviviparous, land, lungs, 3 chambered hearts, crocodiles, alligators, uric acid
Birds are ___, __ and ____, with feathers that provide insulation. They have a __ chambered heart, and ___ bones with air spaces in them that make them light. They also have __ ____ that allow for ___ air flow, meaning that old air and new air do not mix. This is the most ___ respiratory system among animalia. They are ____, and have ____. They excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of __ __
tetrapods, amniotes, endotherms, 4, pneumatic, air sacs, unidirectional, advanced, oviparous, cloaca, uric acid
Mammals are tetrapods, amniotes, and ___. They have hair or -_ and specialized ___ with specialized ___, for example ___ glands that produce milk for newborns. They also have 3 __ __ bones or the ___ that are derived from the pharyngeal slits. They have __ chambered hearts and all reproduce ____, and are either ___ or ___. They excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of ____
endotherms, fur, integuments, glands, mammary, middle ear, ossicles, 4, sexually, viviparous, oviparous, urea
Monotremes are mammals like ___ and ___ that are oviparous. Their eggs have a ____ shell. They also have a ___ and no ___
platypus, anteaters, leather-like, cloaca, teeth
Marsupials are mammals like ___, __ and __ __ that are ___. Their young are carried in a ___ after birth because they are born extremely ____. They receive ___ and continue to develop in this pouch
kangaroo, koala, tasmanian devil, viviparous, pouch, prematurely, milk
Placental mammals are ____ like ___, ___, humans and ___. The fetus is carried in the ___ and a ___ facilitates exchange of ____ and ___ between the mother and fetus
viviparous, elephants, rabbits, whales, uterus, placenta, nutrients, waste
