Animal Behaviour

Question 1

simple reflexes involve __ and ____ nerves and the response to the stimulus is controlled at the __ ___

Answer 1

afferent, efferent, spinal cord

Question 2

complex responses are automatic responses to ___ stimulus. These are _____ because the nerves are separated by an ____. These are controlled at the ___ __ or ____

Answer 2

significant, slower, interneuron, brain stem, cerebrum

Question 3

behaviours that are innate or inherited

Answer 3

instinct

Question 4

innate behaviours that follow a regular, unvarying pattern

Answer 4

fixed action patterns

Question 5

fixed action patterns are initiated by a specific stimulus called a __ __. This is called a ___ when it is between members of the same species. The pattern will be complete even if the original stimulus is ___ or the original ____ of the behaviour cannot be fulfilled

Answer 5

sign stimuli, releaser, removed, intent

Question 6

innate program for acquiring specific behaviours only if the appropriate stimulus is experienced during the critical / sensitive period; once acquired, is irreversible

Answer 6

imprinting

Question 7

when an animal associates landmarks with a specific location

Answer 7

spatial learning

Question 8

when an animal is exposed to a new situation yet they still perform a behaviour that generates a positive outcome

Answer 8

insight

Question 9

an undirected change in the speed of an animal’s movement in response to a stimulus

Answer 9

kinesis

Question 10

a directed movement in response to a stimulus; either toward or away from it

Answer 10

taxis

Question 11

Chemicals that trigger reversible behavioural changes

Answer 11

releaser pheromones

Question 12

Chemicals that cause long term physiological and behavioural changes

Answer 12

primer pheromones

Question 13

Pheromones can act as __ __, __ ___ and accelerate __ __

Answer 13

sex attractants, territory markers, reproductive maturity

Question 14

Some advantages of herds, flocks and schools are ____, _____, and __ of young

Answer 14

concealment, vigilance, defence

Question 15

behaviour that consists of threats, aggression and submission; due to competition; ritualized to prevent long injuries and time in contests

Answer 15

agonistic

Question 16

When animals in a hierarchy have different level of powers; minimizes fighting

Answer 16

dominance hierarchies

Question 17

altruistic behaviour includes ___ ___ through natural selection, __ altruism., and _____ ___, the principle for natural selection to favour altruistic acts

Answer 17

kin selection, reciprocal, hamilton’s rule

Question 18

pacifying social behaviour that seeks to pacify aggression or to avoid being attacked by showing an inferior social stance

Answer 18

appeasement behaviour

Question 19

when individuals in a population copy the mate choice of others

Answer 19

mate-choice copying

Question 20

when many offspring are produced in a single reproductive opportunity; good for variable and unpredictable environments

Answer 20

semelparity

Question 21

repeated reproduction where there are relatively few but large offspring each time reproduction occurs; better in dependable environments

Answer 21

iteroparity

Question 22

says that the fitness of a particular behavioural phenotype is influenced by the behaviour of other phenotypes in the population

Answer 22

game theory