Animal Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

simple reflexes involve __ and ____ nerves and the response to the stimulus is controlled at the __ ___

A

afferent, efferent, spinal cord

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2
Q

complex responses are automatic responses to ___ stimulus. These are _____ because the nerves are separated by an ____. These are controlled at the ___ __ or ____

A

significant, slower, interneuron, brain stem, cerebrum

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3
Q

behaviours that are innate or inherited

A

instinct

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4
Q

innate behaviours that follow a regular, unvarying pattern

A

fixed action patterns

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5
Q

fixed action patterns are initiated by a specific stimulus called a __ __. This is called a ___ when it is between members of the same species. The pattern will be complete even if the original stimulus is ___ or the original ____ of the behaviour cannot be fulfilled

A

sign stimuli, releaser, removed, intent

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6
Q

innate program for acquiring specific behaviours only if the appropriate stimulus is experienced during the critical / sensitive period; once acquired, is irreversible

A

imprinting

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7
Q

when an animal associates landmarks with a specific location

A

spatial learning

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8
Q

when an animal is exposed to a new situation yet they still perform a behaviour that generates a positive outcome

A

insight

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9
Q

an undirected change in the speed of an animal’s movement in response to a stimulus

A

kinesis

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10
Q

a directed movement in response to a stimulus; either toward or away from it

A

taxis

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11
Q

Chemicals that trigger reversible behavioural changes

A

releaser pheromones

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12
Q

Chemicals that cause long term physiological and behavioural changes

A

primer pheromones

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13
Q

Pheromones can act as __ __, __ ___ and accelerate __ __

A

sex attractants, territory markers, reproductive maturity

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14
Q

Some advantages of herds, flocks and schools are ____, _____, and __ of young

A

concealment, vigilance, defence

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15
Q

behaviour that consists of threats, aggression and submission; due to competition; ritualized to prevent long injuries and time in contests

A

agonistic

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16
Q

When animals in a hierarchy have different level of powers; minimizes fighting

A

dominance hierarchies

17
Q

altruistic behaviour includes ___ ___ through natural selection, __ altruism., and _____ ___, the principle for natural selection to favour altruistic acts

A

kin selection, reciprocal, hamilton’s rule

18
Q

pacifying social behaviour that seeks to pacify aggression or to avoid being attacked by showing an inferior social stance

A

appeasement behaviour

19
Q

when individuals in a population copy the mate choice of others

A

mate-choice copying

20
Q

when many offspring are produced in a single reproductive opportunity; good for variable and unpredictable environments

A

semelparity

21
Q

repeated reproduction where there are relatively few but large offspring each time reproduction occurs; better in dependable environments

A

iteroparity

22
Q

says that the fitness of a particular behavioural phenotype is influenced by the behaviour of other phenotypes in the population

A

game theory