Chapter 9.1 t/m 9.5

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met.

Question 2

extrinsic motivation

Answer 2

type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person.

Question 3

intrinsic motivation

Answer 3

type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner.

Question 4

instincts

Answer 4

the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals.

Question 5

need

Answer 5

a requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism.

Question 6

drive

Answer 6

a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension.

An urgent basic need

Question 7

drive-reduction theory

Answer 7

A psychological need or drive simply compels us to reduce that need.

Question 8

primary drives

Answer 8

those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst.

Question 9

acquired (secondary) drives

Answer 9

those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval.

Question 10

homeostasis

Answer 10

the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state.

Question 11

need for affiliation (nAff)

Answer 11

the need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others.

Question 12

need for power (nPow)

Answer 12

the need to have control or influence over others.

Question 13

need for achievement (nAch)

Answer 13

a need that involves a strong desire

to succeed in attaining goals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones.

Question 14

stimulus motive

Answer 14

a motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity.

Question 15

arousal theory

Answer 15

theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation.

We’re motivated to maintain a balance between stimulation and relaxation

Suggest that people are driven to perform actions in. order to maintain an optimum level of psychological arousal.

Question 16

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 16

law stating that when tasks are simple, a higher level of arousal leads to better performance; when tasks are difficult, lower levels of arousal lead to better performance.

Question 17

sensation seeker

Answer 17

someone who needs more arousal than the average person.

Question 18

incentives

Answer 18

things that attract or lure people into action.

Question 19

incentive approaches

Answer 19

theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties.

Suggest that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals or incentives.

Question 20

self-actualization

Answer 20

according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential.

Complete realization at one’s own potential and the full development of one’s abilities and appreciation for life.

Question 21

peak experiences

Answer 21

according to Maslow, times in a person’s life during which self- actualization is temporarily achieved.

Question 22

self-determination theory (SDT)

Answer 22

theory of human motivation in which the social context of an action has
an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action.