Chapter 6.6 t/m 6.9

Question 1

misinformation effect

Answer 1

the tendency of misleading information presented after an event to alter the memories of the event itself.

Question 2

hindsight bias

Answer 2

Allows people to convince themselves after an event that they accurately predicted it before it happened. This can lead people to conclude that they can accurately predict other events.

Question 3

constructive processing

Answer 3

In this view, memories are literally “built,” or reconstructed, from the information stored away during encoding. Each time a memory is retrieved, it may be altered or revised in some way to include new information or to exclude details that may be left out of the new reconstruction.

Question 4

flashbulb memories

Answer 4

type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it.

Question 5

automatic encoding

Answer 5

tendency of certain kinds of information to enter longterm memory with little or no effortful encoding.

Question 6

recency effect

Answer 6

tendency to remember information at the end of a body of information better than the information that precedes it.

Question 7

primacy effect

Answer 7

tendency to remember information

at the beginning of a body of information better than the information that follows.

Question 8

serial position effect

Answer 8

tendency of information at the beginning and end of a body of information to be remembered more accurately than information in the middle of the body of information.

Question 9

recognition

Answer 9

the ability to match a piece of information or a stimulus to a stored image or fact.

Question 10

recall

Answer 10

type of memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must brought back, remembered or call back

Question 11

encoding specificity

Answer 11

the tendency for memory of information to be improved if related information (such as surroundings or physiological state) that is available when the memory is first formed is also available when the memory is being retrieved.

Question 12

Context-dependent learning

Answer 12

The physical surroundings a person is in when they are learning specific information

Question 13

State-dependent learning

Answer 13

Memories formed during a particular physiological or psychological state will be easier to remember while in a similar state.

Question 14

Examples of recall

Answer 14

Filling in the blanks, essay and short answers

Question 15

Examples of recognition

Answer 15

Multiple choice, matching, true-false tests