13.9 t/m 13.11 Flashcards
trait theories
theories that attempt to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior.
trait
a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving.
surface traits
aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person.
source traits
the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality.
introversion
dimension of personality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive stimulation.
five-factor model (Big Five)
model of personality traits that describes five basic trait dimensions
extraverts
people who are outgoing and sociable
introverts
.
people who prefer solitude and dislike being the center of attention
trait–situation interaction
the assumption that the particular circumstances of any given situation will influence the way in which a trait is expressed.
What did Allport believe?
Allport believed (with no scientific evidence, however) that these traits were literally wired into the nervous system to guide one’s behavior across many different situations and that each person’s “constellation” of traits was unique.
What did Cattell define?
two types of traits as surface traits and source traits.
factor analysis
Using a statistical technique that looks for groupings and commonalities in numerical data called
What did Cattell find?
Cattell identified 16 source traits and although he later determined that there might be another 7 source traits to make a total of 23
What did Cattell develop?
he developed his assessment questionnaire, The Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) Questionnaire, based on just 16 source traits
Tell the five-factor model
Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
What is openness?
a person’s willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences.
Wat is Conscientiousness ?
refers to a person’s organization and motivation, with people who score high in this dimension being those who are careful about being places on time and careful with belongings as well.
What is Extraversion ?
A term first used by Carl Jung (1933), who believed that all people could be divided into two personality types: extraverts and introverts.
What is Agreeableness ?
refers to the basic emotional style of a person
What is Neuroticism
refers to emotional instability or stability.
