Chapter 12.10 t/m 12.15 Flashcards
Prejudice
negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group.
discrimination
treating people differently because
of prejudice toward the social group to which they belong.
in-groups
social groups with whom a person identifies; “us.”
out-groups
social groups with whom a person does not identify; “them.”
social cognitive theory
referring to the use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world.
realistic conflict theory
theory stating that prejudice and discrimination will be increased between groups that are in conflict over a limited resource.
social identity theory
theory in which the formation of a person’s identity within a particular social group is explained by social categorization, social identity, and social comparison.
social identity
the part of the self-concept including one’s view of self as a member of a particular social category.
social comparison
the comparison of oneself to others in ways that raise one’s self-esteem.
stereotype vulnerability
the effect that people’s awareness
of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior.
equal status contact
contact between groups in which the groups have equal status with neither group having power over the other.
jigsaw classroom
educational technique in which each individual is given only part of the information needed to solve a problem, causing the separate individuals to be forced to work together to find the solution.
interpersonal attraction
liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person.
reciprocity of liking
tendency of people to like other people who like them in return.
romantic love
type of love consisting of intimacy and passion.
companionate love
type of love consisting of intimacy and commitment.
social role
the pattern of behavior that is expected of a person who is in a particular social position.
prosocial behavior
socially desirable behavior that benefits others.
altruism
prosocial behavior that is done with no expectation of reward and may involve the risk of harm to oneself.
bystander effect
referring to the effect that the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not help, with help becoming less likely as the number
of bystanders increases.
diffusion of responsibility
occurring when a person fails to
take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence
of other people who are seen to share the responsibility.
social neuroscience
the study of the relationship between biological systems and social processes and behavior.
