Chapter 12.10 t/m 12.15

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group.

Question 2

discrimination

Answer 2

treating people differently because

of prejudice toward the social group to which they belong.

Question 3

in-groups

Answer 3

social groups with whom a person identifies; “us.”

Question 4

out-groups

Answer 4

social groups with whom a person does not identify; “them.”

Question 5

social cognitive theory

Answer 5

referring to the use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world.

Question 6

realistic conflict theory

Answer 6

theory stating that prejudice and discrimination will be increased between groups that are in conflict over a limited resource.

Question 7

social identity theory

Answer 7

theory in which the formation of a person’s identity within a particular social group is explained by social categorization, social identity, and social comparison.

Question 8

social identity

Answer 8

the part of the self-concept including one’s view of self as a member of a particular social category.

Question 9

social comparison

Answer 9

the comparison of oneself to others in ways that raise one’s self-esteem.

Question 10

stereotype vulnerability

Answer 10

the effect that people’s awareness

of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior.

Question 11

equal status contact

Answer 11

contact between groups in which the groups have equal status with neither group having power over the other.

Question 12

jigsaw classroom

Answer 12

educational technique in which each individual is given only part of the information needed to solve a problem, causing the separate individuals to be forced to work together to find the solution.

Question 13

interpersonal attraction

Answer 13

liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person.

Question 14

reciprocity of liking

Answer 14

tendency of people to like other people who like them in return.

Question 15

romantic love

Answer 15

type of love consisting of intimacy and passion.

Question 16

companionate love

Answer 16

type of love consisting of intimacy and commitment.

Question 17

social role

Answer 17

the pattern of behavior that is expected of a person who is in a particular social position.

Question 18

prosocial behavior

Answer 18

socially desirable behavior that benefits others.

Question 19

altruism

Answer 19

prosocial behavior that is done with no expectation of reward and may involve the risk of harm to oneself.

Question 20

bystander effect

Answer 20

referring to the effect that the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not help, with help becoming less likely as the number
of bystanders increases.

Question 21

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 21

occurring when a person fails to
take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence
of other people who are seen to share the responsibility.

Question 22

social neuroscience

Answer 22

the study of the relationship between biological systems and social processes and behavior.