13.1 t/m 13.4

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave.

Question 2

character

Answer 2

value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior.

Question 3

unconscious mind

Answer 3

level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness.

Question 4

id

Answer 4

part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious.

Question 5

pleasure principle

Answer 5

The driving force of the ID that seeks immediate gratification of all needs, wants, and urges.

Question 6

ego

Answer 6

part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality; mostly conscious, rational, and logical.

Question 7

reality principle

Answer 7

principle by which the ego functions. it is the need to satisfy the demands of the id only in ways that will not lead to negative consequences.

Question 8

superego

Answer 8

part of the personality that acts as a moral center.

Question 9

conscience

Answer 9

part of the superego that produces guilt, depending on how acceptable behavior is.

Question 10

psychological defense mechanisms

Answer 10

Ways of dealing with anxiety through unconsciously distorting one’s perception of reality

Question 11

psychosexual stages

Answer 11

five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child.

Question 12

fixation

Answer 12

Conflicts that are not fully resolved, can result in getting stuck to some degree in a stage of development.

Question 13

oral stage

Answer 13

the first stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring in the first 18 months of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict.

Question 14

anal stage

Answer 14

the second stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring from about 18 to 36 months of age, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict.

Question 15

phallic stage

Answer 15

the third stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring from about 3 to
6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings.

Question 16

Oedipus complex/Electra complex

Answer 16

situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent. Males develop an Oedipus complex whereas females develop an Electra complex.

Question 17

latency

Answer 17

the fourth stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways.

Question 18

genital stage

Answer 18

the final stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages; from puberty on, sexual urges are allowed back into consciousness and the individual moves toward adult social and sexual behavior.

Question 19

psychoanalysis

Answer 19

an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscious conflicts; Freud’s term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it.

Question 20

neo-Freudians

Answer 20

followers of Freud who developed their own competing psychodynamic theories.

Question 21

personal unconscious

Answer 21

Jung’s name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud.

Question 22

collective unconscious

Answer 22

Jung’s name for the memories shared by all members of the human species.

Question 23

archetypes

Answer 23

Jung’s collective, universal human memories.

Question 24

basic anxiety

Answer 24

anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults

Question 25

neurotic personalities

Answer 25

personalities typified by maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney’s theory.

Question 26

What was Freud’s conception of personality?

Answer 26

He believed that the mind was divided into three parts; preconscious, conscious and unconscious.

Question 27

What are the 5 psychosexual stages?

Answer 27

Oral stage- first 18 months
Anal stage-18 to 36 months
Phallic stage- 3 to 6 years
Latency stage- 6 years to puberty
Genital stage- puberty on.

Question 28

Castration anxiety

Answer 28

Fear of losing your penis

Question 29

Penis envy

Answer 29

Girls where missing a penis

Question 30

Carl Gustav Jung idea

Answer 30

He believed that there was not only a personal unconscious, as described by Freud, but a collective unconscious as well.

disagreed with Freud about the nature of the unconscious mind. Jung believed that the unconscious held much more than personal fears, urges, and memories.