13.1 t/m 13.4 Flashcards
personality
the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave.
character
value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior.
unconscious mind
level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness.
id
part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious.
pleasure principle
The driving force of the ID that seeks immediate gratification of all needs, wants, and urges.
ego
part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality; mostly conscious, rational, and logical.
reality principle
principle by which the ego functions. it is the need to satisfy the demands of the id only in ways that will not lead to negative consequences.
superego
part of the personality that acts as a moral center.
conscience
part of the superego that produces guilt, depending on how acceptable behavior is.
psychological defense mechanisms
Ways of dealing with anxiety through unconsciously distorting one’s perception of reality
psychosexual stages
five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child.
fixation
Conflicts that are not fully resolved, can result in getting stuck to some degree in a stage of development.
oral stage
the first stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring in the first 18 months of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict.
anal stage
the second stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring from about 18 to 36 months of age, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict.
phallic stage
the third stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring from about 3 to
6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings.
Oedipus complex/Electra complex
situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent. Males develop an Oedipus complex whereas females develop an Electra complex.
latency
the fourth stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways.
genital stage
the final stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages; from puberty on, sexual urges are allowed back into consciousness and the individual moves toward adult social and sexual behavior.
psychoanalysis
an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscious conflicts; Freud’s term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it.
neo-Freudians
followers of Freud who developed their own competing psychodynamic theories.
personal unconscious
Jung’s name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud.
collective unconscious
Jung’s name for the memories shared by all members of the human species.
archetypes
Jung’s collective, universal human memories.
basic anxiety
anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults
neurotic personalities
personalities typified by maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney’s theory.
What was Freud’s conception of personality?
He believed that the mind was divided into three parts; preconscious, conscious and unconscious.
What are the 5 psychosexual stages?
Oral stage- first 18 months Anal stage-18 to 36 months Phallic stage- 3 to 6 years Latency stage- 6 years to puberty Genital stage- puberty on.
Castration anxiety
Fear of losing your penis
Penis envy
Girls where missing a penis
Carl Gustav Jung idea
He believed that there was not only a personal unconscious, as described by Freud, but a collective unconscious as well.
disagreed with Freud about the nature of the unconscious mind. Jung believed that the unconscious held much more than personal fears, urges, and memories.
