Chapter 4.3 t/m 4.6

Question 1

Circadian rhythm disorders

Answer 1

Disturbances of the sleep–wake cycle such as jet lag and shift work

Question 2

Restless leg syndrome

Answer 2

Uncomfortable sensations in legs causing movement and loss of sleep

Question 3

Somnambulism

Answer 3

Sitting, walking, or performing complex behavior while asleep

Question 4

narcolepsy

Answer 4

sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning.

Question 5

sleep apnea

Answer 5

disorder in which the person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more.

Question 6

insomnia

Answer 6

the inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep.

Question 7

sleepwalking (somnambulism)

Answer 7

occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or walking around in one’s sleep.

Question 8

night terrors

Answer 8

relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully.

Question 9

REM behavior disorder (RBD)

Answer 9

a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares.

Question 10

nightmares

Answer 10

bad dreams occurring during REM sleep.

Question 11

REM rebound

Answer 11

increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights.

Question 12

sleep paralysis

Answer 12

the inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep.

Question 13

delta waves

Answer 13

long, slow brain waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep.

Question 14

theta waves

Answer 14

small waves that indicates you are asleep

Question 15

alpha waves

Answer 15

brain waves that are a mix from Beta and Theta waves. indicate a state of relaxation.

Question 16

beta waves

Answer 16

smaller and faster brain waves, typically indicating mental activity.

Question 17

non-REM (N, NREM) sleep

Answer 17

Sleep stage N1,N2 and N3

Question 18

rapid eye movement sleep (R, REM)

Answer 18

stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the per- son is typically experiencing a dream.

Question 19

sleep deprivation

Answer 19

any significant loss of sleep, result- ing in problems in concentration and irritability.

Question 20

restorative theory

Answer 20

theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage.

Question 21

adaptive theory

Answer 21

theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns
to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active.

Question 22

microsleeps

Answer 22

brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds.

Question 23

circadian rhythm

Answer 23

a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period.

Question 24

Enuresis

Answer 24

Urinating while asleep in bed

Question 25

hypersomnia

Answer 25

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Question 26

Kind of altered states of consciousness

Answer 26

Daydreaming, hypnotized, achieving a meditative, being under influence of certain drugs such as caffeine, tobacco, or alcohol

Question 27

What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 27

The internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep

Question 28

How many hours of sleep is enough?

Answer 28

Most young people between 7-9, some 4-5 hours, some more than 9 hours.

Question 29

By what is the sleep-wake cycle ultimately controlled?

Answer 29

Within the hypothalamus, that influences the glandular system

Question 30

where does the release of melatonin find place?

Answer 30

​suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 31

Sleep spindles

Answer 31

Brief burst of activity lasting only a second of 2. Theta waves are still in it, but if the person wakes up now, they realize they have slept.