Chapter 11.4 t/m 11.9

Question 1

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 1

the three stages of the body’s physiological reaction to stress, including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Question 2

immune system

Answer 2

the system of cells, organs, and chemicals of the body that responds to attacks from diseases, infections, and injuries.

Question 3

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 3

the study of the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thoughts, and behavior on the immune system.

Question 4

coronary heart disease (CHD)

Answer 4

the buildup of a waxy substance called plaque in the arteries of the heart.

Question 5

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 5

Typically occurring in middle adulthood when the body either becomes resistant to the effects
of insulin or can no longer secrete enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.

Question 6

natural killer (NK) cell

Answer 6

immune-system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells.

Question 7

health psychology

Answer 7

area of psychology focusing on how physical activities, psychological traits, stress reactions, and social relationships affect overall health and rate of illnesses.

Question 8

primary appraisal

Answer 8

the first step in assessing stress,

which involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as either a threat or a challenge.

Question 9

secondary appraisal

Answer 9

the second step in assessing a stressor, which involves estimating the resources available to the person for coping with the threat.

Question 10

Type A personality

Answer 10

person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger as well as being easily annoyed.

Question 11

Type B personality

Answer 11

person who is relaxed and laid-back, less driven and competitive than Type A, and slow to anger.

Question 12

Type C personality

Answer 12

pleasant but repressed person, who tends to internalize his or her anger and anxiety and who finds expressing emotions difficult.

Question 13

hardy personality

Answer 13

a person who seems to thrive on stress but lacks the anger and hostility of the Type A personality.

Question 14

optimists

Answer 14

people who expect positive outcomes

Question 15

burnout

Answer 15

negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration, leading to feelings of exhaustion.

Question 16

acculturative stress

Answer 16

stress resulting from the need to change and adapt a person’s ways to the majority culture.

Question 17

Who was the founder of the field of research concerning stress and its effects on the human body?

Answer 17

Hans Selye

Question 18

Alarm

Answer 18

When the body first reacts to a stressor, the sympathetic nervous system is activated.

Question 19

Resistance

Answer 19

As the stress continues, the body settles into sympathetic division activity, continuing to release the stress hormones that help the body fight off, or resist, the stressor

Question 20

Exhaustion

Answer 20

When the body’s resources are gone. It can lead to the formation of stress-related diseases or the death of the organism if outside help is unavailable.

Question 21

Parasympathetic system

Answer 21

Returns the body to normal, day-to-day functioning after the stress is ended

Question 22

Sympathetic system

Answer 22

Reacts when the human body is subjected to stress

Question 23

How is the immune system impacted by stress?

Answer 23

Certain enzymes and other chemicals are created by immune cells when the immune cells, or white blood cells, encounter an infection in the body.

Question 23

Which hormone plays a part in helping the immune system fight the effects of stress?

Answer 23

The hormone Dehydroepiandrosterone

Question 24

What did Richard Lazarus develop?

Answer 24

A cognitive view of stress, the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions.