Chapter 11.4 t/m 11.9 Flashcards
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
the three stages of the body’s physiological reaction to stress, including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
immune system
the system of cells, organs, and chemicals of the body that responds to attacks from diseases, infections, and injuries.
psychoneuroimmunology
the study of the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thoughts, and behavior on the immune system.
coronary heart disease (CHD)
the buildup of a waxy substance called plaque in the arteries of the heart.
Type 2 diabetes
Typically occurring in middle adulthood when the body either becomes resistant to the effects
of insulin or can no longer secrete enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.
natural killer (NK) cell
immune-system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells.
health psychology
area of psychology focusing on how physical activities, psychological traits, stress reactions, and social relationships affect overall health and rate of illnesses.
primary appraisal
the first step in assessing stress,
which involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as either a threat or a challenge.
secondary appraisal
the second step in assessing a stressor, which involves estimating the resources available to the person for coping with the threat.
Type A personality
person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger as well as being easily annoyed.
Type B personality
person who is relaxed and laid-back, less driven and competitive than Type A, and slow to anger.
Type C personality
pleasant but repressed person, who tends to internalize his or her anger and anxiety and who finds expressing emotions difficult.
hardy personality
a person who seems to thrive on stress but lacks the anger and hostility of the Type A personality.
optimists
people who expect positive outcomes
burnout
negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration, leading to feelings of exhaustion.
acculturative stress
stress resulting from the need to change and adapt a person’s ways to the majority culture.
Who was the founder of the field of research concerning stress and its effects on the human body?
Hans Selye
Alarm
When the body first reacts to a stressor, the sympathetic nervous system is activated.
Resistance
As the stress continues, the body settles into sympathetic division activity, continuing to release the stress hormones that help the body fight off, or resist, the stressor
Exhaustion
When the body’s resources are gone. It can lead to the formation of stress-related diseases or the death of the organism if outside help is unavailable.
Parasympathetic system
Returns the body to normal, day-to-day functioning after the stress is ended
Sympathetic system
Reacts when the human body is subjected to stress
How is the immune system impacted by stress?
Certain enzymes and other chemicals are created by immune cells when the immune cells, or white blood cells, encounter an infection in the body.
Which hormone plays a part in helping the immune system fight the effects of stress?
The hormone Dehydroepiandrosterone
What did Richard Lazarus develop?
A cognitive view of stress, the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions.
