Chapter 9: Lesson 6

Question 1

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 1

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.

Question 2

Endocrine (hormonal) disorders

Answer 2

When the body produces too little or too much of an endocrine hormone.

Question 3

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but merely converted from one form to another.

Question 4

Added sugars

Answer 4

Sugars that are not naturally found in food but have been added to a food product.

Question 5

Satiating

Answer 5

Satisfying; feeling of fullness.

Question 6

Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)

Answer 6

The total amount of energy expended in one day.

Question 7

Peptide YY

Answer 7

Called peptide tyrosine and is a peptide that is released in the colon during feeding.

Question 8

Ghrelin

Answer 8

The hunger hormone that stimulates appetite.

Question 9

Hypothyroidism

Answer 9

Low activity of the thyroid gland that can disrupt heart rate, body temperature, and metabolism.

Question 10

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 10

A hormone disorder that causes abnormally high levels of cortisol in the body.

Question 11

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 11

A hormone disorder that occurs in women of childbearing age that causes irregular periods, excess levels of the male hormone androgen, small cysts on the outer edges of the ovaries, and obesity.

Question 12

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Answer 12

Energy expenditure through daily activities outside of structured exercise, such as walking, completing household chores, and taking the stairs.

Question 13

Exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT)

Answer 13

The calories expended through structured exercise or training.

Question 14

Adaptive thermogenesis

Answer 14

Metabolic adaptations and changes in energy expenditure as a result of changes in energy intake.