Chapter 6: Lesson 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Lipolysis

A

The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.

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2
Q

Enzyme

A

A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change.

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3
Q

Glands

A

Organs that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body.

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4
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a specific function.

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5
Q

Target (receptor) cell

A

Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. Target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated.

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6
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A gland located in the brain that communicates with the pituitary gland.

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7
Q

Pineal gland

A

A small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles.

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8
Q

Pancreas

A

An organ with numerous functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices.

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9
Q

Thyroid gland

A

An endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones, including thyroxin and calcitonin.

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10
Q

Pituitary gland

A

An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone.

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11
Q

Adrenal gland

A

A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol.

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12
Q

Reproductive glands

A

Glands, such as the ovaries or testes, that serve sex-specific functions.

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13
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism.

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14
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin.

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15
Q

Substrates

A

Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.

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16
Q

Glycogen

A

Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.

17
Q

Growth hormone

A

An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development.

18
Q

Catecholamines

A

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.

19
Q

Catabolic

A

Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.

20
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).

21
Q

Overtraining

A

Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.

22
Q

Testosterone

A

A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics.

23
Q

Anabolic

A

Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.

24
Q

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF)

A

Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.

25
Q

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.

26
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid hormone that helps the body use calcium properly to aid with maintaining bone mineral density.

27
Q

Glucose intolerance

A

A condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels.