Chapter 6: Lesson 3

Question 1

Lipolysis

Answer 1

The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.

Question 2

Enzyme

Answer 2

A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change.

Question 3

Glands

Answer 3

Organs that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body.

Question 4

Hormone

Answer 4

Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a specific function.

Question 5

Target (receptor) cell

Answer 5

Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. Target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated.

Question 6

Hypothalamus

Answer 6

A gland located in the brain that communicates with the pituitary gland.

Question 7

Pineal gland

Answer 7

A small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles.

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

An organ with numerous functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices.

Question 9

Thyroid gland

Answer 9

An endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones, including thyroxin and calcitonin.

Question 10

Pituitary gland

Answer 10

An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone.

Question 11

Adrenal gland

Answer 11

A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol.

Question 12

Reproductive glands

Answer 12

Glands, such as the ovaries or testes, that serve sex-specific functions.

Question 13

Insulin

Answer 13

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism.

Question 14

Glucagon

Answer 14

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin.

Question 15

Substrates

Answer 15

Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.

Question 16

Glycogen

Answer 16

Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.

Question 17

Growth hormone

Answer 17

An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development.

Question 18

Catecholamines

Answer 18

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.

Question 19

Catabolic

Answer 19

Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.

Question 20

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 20

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).

Question 21

Overtraining

Answer 21

Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.

Question 22

Testosterone

Answer 22

A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics.

Question 23

Anabolic

Answer 23

Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.

Question 24

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF)

Answer 24

Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.

Question 25

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 25

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.

Question 26

Calcitonin

Answer 26

Thyroid hormone that helps the body use calcium properly to aid with maintaining bone mineral density.

Question 27

Glucose intolerance

Answer 27

A condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels.