Chapter 7: Lesson 2

Question 1

Osteokinematics

Answer 1

Movement of a limb that is visible.

Question 2

Arthrokinematics

Answer 2

The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin.

Question 3

Sagittal plane

Answer 3

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

Question 4

Flexion

Answer 4

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 5

Extension

Answer 5

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

Question 6

Hyperextension

Answer 6

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

Question 7

Dorsiflexion

Answer 7

Flexion occurring at the ankle.

Question 8

Plantar flexion

Answer 8

Extension occurring at the ankle. Pointing the foot downwards.

Question 9

Frontal plane

Answer 9

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves. Movement in the frontal plane includes abduction, adduction, and side-to-side motions.

Question 10

Abduction

Answer 10

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.

Question 11

Adduction

Answer 11

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

Question 12

Lateral flexion

Answer 12

Bending of the spine from side to side.

Question 13

Eversion

Answer 13

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves laterally. The bottom of foot faces outward.

Question 14

Inversion

Answer 14

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves medially. Bottom of foot faces inward.

Question 15

Transverse plane

Answer 15

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

Question 16

Internal rotation

Answer 16

Rotation of a body segment toward the middle of the body.

Question 17

External rotation

Answer 17

Rotation of a body segment away from the middle of the body.

Question 18

Horizontal abduction

Answer 18

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.

Question 19

Horizontal adduction

Answer 19

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.

Question 20

Radioulnar pronation

Answer 20

Inward rotation of the forearm from a palm-up position to a palm-down position.

Question 21

Radioulnar supination

Answer 21

Outward rotation of the forearm from a palm-down position to a palm-up position.

Question 22

Pronation of the foot

Answer 22

Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction; associated with force reduction.

Question 23

Supination of the foot

Answer 23

Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of inversion, plantar flexion, and ankle adduction; associated with force production.

Question 24

Gait

Answer 24

Biomechanical motion of the lower extremities during walking, running, and sprinting.

Question 25

Scapular retraction

Answer 25

Adduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move toward the midline.

Question 26

Scapular protraction

Answer 26

Abduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move away from the midline.

Question 27

Scapular depression

Answer 27

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapulae.

Question 28

Scapular elevation

Answer 28

Upward (superior) motion of the scapulae.

Question 29

Elasticity

Answer 29

The ability of soft tissues to return to resting length after being stretched.

Question 30

Ligament

Answer 30

A fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

Question 31

Flexibility

Answer 31

The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of motion of a joint.

Question 32

Hypermobility

Answer 32

A state where a lack of neuromuscular support leads to a joint having more range of motion than it should, greatly increasing the risk of injury at that joint.

Question 33

Hypomobility

Answer 33

When range of motion at a joint is limited.