Chapter 10: Lesson 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Health supplement

A

A dietary supplement used to improve a component of well-being.

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2
Q

Performance supplement

A

A dietary supplement that may enhance performance or body composition; may also be referred to as an ergogenic aid.

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3
Q

Vitamins

A

Group of organic compounds required in small quantities in the diet to support growth and metabolic processes.

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4
Q

Minerals

A

Inorganic, natural substances, some of which are essential in human nutrition. There are two kinds of minerals: major minerals (aka, macrominerals) and trace minerals.

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5
Q

Biologically active

A

The form in which a vitamin must be to exert an effect within the body.

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6
Q

Biologically inactive

A

The form in which a vitamin must be to exert an effect within the body.

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7
Q

Biologically inactive

A

Any form of vitamin that cannot exert its effect within the body.

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8
Q

Beta-carotene

A

The red-orange pigment found in vegetables and fruits that is converted to vitamin A in the body.

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9
Q

Lactose intolerance

A

A sensitivity to lactose (milk sugar) typically resulting in gastrointestinal distress.

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10
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

Gastrointestinal discomfort, sometimes severe, triggered by certain foods but is not a food allergy.

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11
Q

Rickets

A

A bone weakness disease caused by vitamin D deficiency.

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12
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture.

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13
Q

Heart arrhythmias

A

Irregular heartbeat.

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14
Q

Platelet aggregation

A

An accumulation of blood cells prior to a clot.

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15
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

A weakened immune system.

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16
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Nerve damage not occurring in the brain or spinal cord.

17
Q

Skeletal myopathy

A

Muscle degeneration.

18
Q

Collagen

A

A protein found in connective tissue, muscles, and skin that provides strength and structure. It is the most abundant protein in the human body.

19
Q

Scurvy

A

A disease resulting from insufficient vitamin C and characterized by spontaneous bleeding (usually of the gums), anemia, swelling, weakened joints, and loss of teeth.

20
Q

Beriberi

A

A thiamine deficiency that can result in inflammation or degeneration of the heart and nerves, peripheral neuropathy, and impaired motor function.

21
Q

Pellagra

A

A niacin or tryptophan deficiency that leads to a skin rash (dermatitis), digestive disorders (diarrhea), and mood or cognitive decline (dementia).

22
Q

Anorexia

A

A loss of appetite or the conscious decision to avoid eating, often leading to dangerously low body weight and/or malnourishment.

23
Q

Anemia

A

A condition of poor iron status.

24
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin, rashes, excessive dryness, and/or blistering.

25
Q

Spina bifida

A

A birth defect, and type of neural tube defect, when the spine and spinal cord do not form properly.

26
Q

Amenorrheic

A

Absence of menstruation.

27
Q

Osteopenia

A

Lower than normal bone density and a precursor to osteoporosis.

28
Q

Lacto-ovo vegetarian

A

A vegetarian diet that also includes dairy and eggs.

29
Q

Ovo-vegetarian

A

A vegetarian diet that also includes eggs.

30
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Excess blood calcium levels.

31
Q

Heme

A

A type of iron found in animal foods.

32
Q

Nonheme

A

A type of iron found in plant foods.

33
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

A disease in which the body absorbs too much iron from consumed foods.

34
Q

Omega-3

A

The polyunsaturated fats, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).

35
Q

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

A

A type of omega-3 fatty acid found in the flesh of cold-water fish, such as tuna, mackerel, salmon, and herring.

36
Q

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

A

A type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in seafood, such as fish and fish oils.

37
Q

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

A

One type of omega-3 fatty acid found in seeds and oils, such as walnuts and flaxseed, and many common vegetable oils.

38
Q

Triglycerides

A

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.