Chapter 10: Lesson 3 Flashcards
Health supplement
A dietary supplement used to improve a component of well-being.
Performance supplement
A dietary supplement that may enhance performance or body composition; may also be referred to as an ergogenic aid.
Vitamins
Group of organic compounds required in small quantities in the diet to support growth and metabolic processes.
Minerals
Inorganic, natural substances, some of which are essential in human nutrition. There are two kinds of minerals: major minerals (aka, macrominerals) and trace minerals.
Biologically active
The form in which a vitamin must be to exert an effect within the body.
Biologically inactive
The form in which a vitamin must be to exert an effect within the body.
Biologically inactive
Any form of vitamin that cannot exert its effect within the body.
Beta-carotene
The red-orange pigment found in vegetables and fruits that is converted to vitamin A in the body.
Lactose intolerance
A sensitivity to lactose (milk sugar) typically resulting in gastrointestinal distress.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Gastrointestinal discomfort, sometimes severe, triggered by certain foods but is not a food allergy.
Rickets
A bone weakness disease caused by vitamin D deficiency.
Osteoporosis
A condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture.
Heart arrhythmias
Irregular heartbeat.
Platelet aggregation
An accumulation of blood cells prior to a clot.
Immunodeficiency
A weakened immune system.
Peripheral neuropathy
Nerve damage not occurring in the brain or spinal cord.
Skeletal myopathy
Muscle degeneration.
Collagen
A protein found in connective tissue, muscles, and skin that provides strength and structure. It is the most abundant protein in the human body.
Scurvy
A disease resulting from insufficient vitamin C and characterized by spontaneous bleeding (usually of the gums), anemia, swelling, weakened joints, and loss of teeth.
Beriberi
A thiamine deficiency that can result in inflammation or degeneration of the heart and nerves, peripheral neuropathy, and impaired motor function.
Pellagra
A niacin or tryptophan deficiency that leads to a skin rash (dermatitis), digestive disorders (diarrhea), and mood or cognitive decline (dementia).
Anorexia
A loss of appetite or the conscious decision to avoid eating, often leading to dangerously low body weight and/or malnourishment.
Anemia
A condition of poor iron status.
Dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin, rashes, excessive dryness, and/or blistering.
Spina bifida
A birth defect, and type of neural tube defect, when the spine and spinal cord do not form properly.
Amenorrheic
Absence of menstruation.
Osteopenia
Lower than normal bone density and a precursor to osteoporosis.
Lacto-ovo vegetarian
A vegetarian diet that also includes dairy and eggs.
Ovo-vegetarian
A vegetarian diet that also includes eggs.
Hypercalcemia
Excess blood calcium levels.
Heme
A type of iron found in animal foods.
Nonheme
A type of iron found in plant foods.
Hemochromatosis
A disease in which the body absorbs too much iron from consumed foods.
Omega-3
The polyunsaturated fats, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
A type of omega-3 fatty acid found in the flesh of cold-water fish, such as tuna, mackerel, salmon, and herring.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
A type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in seafood, such as fish and fish oils.
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
One type of omega-3 fatty acid found in seeds and oils, such as walnuts and flaxseed, and many common vegetable oils.
Triglycerides
The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.
