Chapter 10: Lesson 4 Flashcards
Ergogenic aid
A dietary supplement that may enhance performance or body composition; it may also be referred to as a performance supplement.
Amino acids
Organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.
Nonessential amino acids
Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not, under normal circumstances, need to be obtained in the diet.
Essential amino acid (EAA)
Amino acid that must be obtained through the diet as the body does not make it; there are nine essential amino acids.
Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)
The three essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) that are abundant in skeletal muscle tissue and named for their branchlike structures.
Muscle protein synthesis (MPS)
Process by which new muscle proteins are formed and a muscle grows or repairs at the molecular level.
Phosphagen
High-energy molecule that releases energy when its bonds are broken.
Creatine monohydrate
The most common, and likely most effective, form of creatine available as a dietary supplement.
Loading
Practice of using large doses of a supplement to saturate muscle tissues or other body stores prior to resorting to a lesser, maintenance dose.
Endogenous
Produced or synthesized within an organism.
Adrenaline
Hormone, also known as epinephrine, that excites bodily processes, increasing alertness and cell metabolism.
Caffeine anhydrous
A highly concentrated caffeine powder made from the seeds and leaves of coffee plants.
DMAA
Dimethylamylamine; a stimulant and amphetamine once legal for use as a dietary supplement.
Ephedra
A plant-sourced alkaloid with metabolism-enhancing effects. It is an illegal supplement in the United States and the European Union.
Serious adverse effect
Any adverse effect that results in any life-threatening situation, inpatient hospitalization, persistent incapacity of a person’s ability to conduct a normal life, a congenital anomaly, reproductive harm, or death.
