Chapter 8: Pathogens Flashcards
How do bacteria differ from eukaryotic cells?
1) No nuclei
2) DNA is in a circular arrangement
3) No organelles
4) Ribosomes are free in the cell
5) No glycosylation
6) Have one or more plasmids containing other genes including perhaps ones that confer antibiotic resistance)
True or false: Plasmids containing genes that confer antibiotic resistance can be passed on to other bacteria.
True
What are the 4 characteristics used to classify bacteria?
1) Shape and arrangement
2) Gram stain reaction
3) Biochemical and growth properties
4) Antigenic structure on cell and flagella
True or false: Anthrax (Bacillus) can produce spores in adverse conditions and germinate when conditions improve.
True
What color do Gram + bacteria stain? Why?
Purple; they have a thick outer peptidoglycan layer
What color do Gram - bacteria stain? Why?
Red (lose purple); only have a thin peptidoglycan layer
What are two examples of Gram + cocci?
Staphylococci (skin and wound infections and Streptococci (Strep, nectrotizing fasciitis)
What is an example of Gram - cocci?
1) Neisseria (gonorrhea and meningitis)
What are three examples of Gram + bacilli?
1) Listeria (food poisoning)
2) Clostridia (tetanus, botulism, colitis, gas gangrene)
3) Bacillus (anthrax)
What are two examples of Gram - bacilli?
1) Yersinia (plague)
2) E. Coli, Salmonella, or Campylobactor (food poisoning)
Can adjust to having or doing without O2.
facultative
Must be under anaerobic conditions to survive.
obligate anaerobe
Agent that kills bacteria.
bacteriocidal
Agent that stops bacteria from reproducing
bacteriostatic
Grow only on enriched media at a specific temperature and pH.
Fastidius
What is the most pathogenic form of Strep?
Group A
What is the Lancefield system of classifying strep?
Based on serological characteristics and cell wall carbohydrate differences.
What is another way of classifying Strep apart from the Lancefield system?
Type of RBC hemolysis produced.
True or false: Staphylococci is opportunistic.
True
According to the hemolysis classificition, what is beta?
Complete hemolysis of blood by strep
How is Strep A classified according to the hemolysis classification?
Beta (complete hemolysis)
Which bacteria causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
Erhlichiae
Smallest free living bacteria
Mycoplasmas
What are the general categories for how antibiotics work?
1) Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis or membrane function
2) Inhibit translation of proteins
3) Inhibit metabolism
4) inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
5) Inhibit DNA precursor synthesis
6) Competitive inhibition
