Chapter 6: Antibodies Flashcards
What is another name for antibodies?
Immunoglobin
What is the acronym for the 5 types of antibodies?
MADGE (IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE)
What is the first Ab made in immune response?
IgM
What is the general structure of an antibody?
2 heavy chains + 2 light chains disulfide bonded together; the 2 fork ends bind Ag and the tail attaches to cells or complement
Typical Ab made against most infectious agents; monomer; especially good against bacteria.
IgG
Which Ab is important in respiratory and GI systems (important part of mucosal defense) and is passed on in breast milk?
IgA
Which Ab is at work in people with allergies, binding mast cells (tissues) and basocells (blood) upon initial encounter and then triggering a rapid release of histamine upon any later encounters with that allergen
IgE
True or false; Ab binding to toxins neutralizes them to prevent harm to cells.
True
In what ways does Ab act in defense?
1) Bind to pathogens or toxins to neutralize them and prevent harm or further infection to host.
2) Clump Ags together, enabling them to be ingested by phagocytes
3) NK cells and phagocytes better recognize and attach to Ab coated pathogens.
4) Activates complement, increasing inflammation
What does Ab humoral immunity work best against?
Extracellular or circulating pathogens (so Ab can reach them)
What is the immune response to protein antigens?
T cell dependent Ab production
True or false: T cell idependent Ab production is long-lived and produces a memory response.
False; short-lived, no memory or improved adaptive response
True or false: T cell dependent Ab production is long-lived and produces a memory response.
True
What do activated complement proteins in blood do?
1) Mediate inflammation (attract cells, increase permeability, increase lysosomal enzyme release)
2) Coat the surface of bacteria to allow them to be more easily phagocytosed by macrophages and neutrophils.
3) Generate a large molecule (attack complex) that punches holes in abnormal cell membranes)
4) Helps clear Ag-Ab immune complexes from circulation
Which type of Ab is passed from mom to child in breastmilk?
IgA
