Chapter 6: Hypersensitivity

Question 1

4 Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions

Answer 1

Type I: Immediate Hypersensitivity (allergy, anaphylaxis)

Type II: Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity (Ab binds directly to a cell/tissue, activating complement and causing cell lysis/tissue damage)

Type III: Immune Complex Hypersensitivity (clumped Ag/Ab become trapped in tissues, causing complement activation and tissue damage)

Type IV: Delayed Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity (CD4+ T cells become sensitized and activated upon 2nd contact with Ag, triggering inflammatory response)

Question 2

What type of hypersensitivity is anaphylaxis?

Answer 2

Type I: Immediate Hypersensitivity

Question 3

What type of hypersensitivity is Tb or poison ivy?

Answer 3

Type IV: Delayed Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity

Question 4

What type of hypersensitivity is asthma often due to?

Answer 4

Type I: Immediate

Question 5

What type of hypersensitivity reflected in autoimmune diseases?

Answer 5

Type III

Question 6

What is the most common type of immunodeficiency?

Answer 6

IgA deficiency

Question 7

What are the three main mechanisms by which an autoimmune disease develops (pathogenesis)?

Answer 7

1) Exposure or alteration of person’s own self-antigens that causes them to be seen as antigenic
2) Formation of cross-reacting antibodies that attack pt’s own antigens
3) Defective regulation of the immune response by T lymphocytes

Question 8

What are the predisposing factors for autoimmune disease?

Answer 8

1) Genetic (certain HLA types
2) Gender (female more likely)
3) Infection (viral)

Question 9

What does SLE stand for?

Answer 9

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 10

What are the treatments for autoimmune diseases?

Answer 10

1) Corticosteroids
2) Cytotoxic drugs
3) Biologic and other agents to minimize inflammation, suppress immune function, or block destructive effects of cytokines