Chapter 2: Cellular Aging Flashcards
True or false; Cells have predetermined life spans, and this varies by the type of tissue that they comprise.
True
What types of factors play a role in cell longevity?
1) Genetic
2) Environmental
True or false; Species have predetermined life spans.
True
True or false: Increases in human longevity have been mainly due to learning how to help cells live longer.
False; mostly due to preventing early death.
Progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death
Aging
What is the primary risk factor for human pathologies?
Age
What are the 10 Hallmarks of Aging?
1) Genomic instability
2) Telomere attrition
3) Mitochondrial dysfunction
4) Cellular senescence
5) Epigenetic alterations
6) Loss of proteostasis
7) Deregulated nutrient sensing
8) Stem cell exhaustion
9) Altered intracellular communication
10) Inflammation
What are the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that keep them safe from damage?
Telomeres
On what types of cells are telomeres longest?
Stem cells
What is it called when DNA has replicated so much that the telomeres become short enough for DNA to be damaged, causing the the cell to stop working well, stop dividing, and enter cell senescence?
Hayflick’s limit
What enzyme replenishes and repairs telomeres? In what cells is this enzyme most present and active in?
Germ cells
True or false: People with longer telomeres tend to live longer, healthier lives; people with shorter telomeres suffer more age-related diseases.
True
True or false: Evidence suggests that telomerase is not affected by exercise, omega-3 fatty acids, or stress.
False; evidence suggests it is increased by exercise and omega 3 and decreased by stress.
Term for state in which cells no longer divide.
Replicative senescence
