Chapter 5: Inflammation Continued

Question 1

What are the main cells involved in acute inflammation?

Answer 1

1) Neutrophils
2) Platelets
3) Mast Cells

Question 2

What are the local effects of inflammation?

Answer 2

1) Capillary dilation
2) Increased capillary permeability
3) Release of cytokines and signals that propogate inflammation
4) Attraction of leukocytes to injury site
5) Regional lymph node enlargement and tenderness

Question 3

What are the systemic effects when inflammation becomes severe?

Answer 3

1) Fever
2) Increased WBC’s in circulation
3) Feel “ill”

Question 4

What occurs at the end of acute inflammation?

Answer 4

1) Macrophages arrive to clean up debris, contribute to inflammatory and immune responses, and begin the healing process

Question 5

How do neutrophils (PMNs) function in acute inflammation?

Answer 5

1) Phagocytose bacteria and foreign materials
2) Release signals to increase WBC production in marrow, attract WBCs to the injury site, and elicit fever and systemic symptoms

Question 6

What are two key acute phase proteins produced in the liver during severe inflammation?

Answer 6

1) C-reactive protein (CRP)

2) Fibrinogen

Question 7

What acute phase protein released by the liver during severe inflammation is protective and serves as an important inflammatory marker?

Answer 7

CRP (C-reactive protein)

Question 8

What acute phase protein released by the liver during severe inflammation is used in coagulation, raising the ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)?

Answer 8

Fibrinogen

Question 9

What blood test is a sensitive reflection of inflammation because it indicates changes in the level of fibrinogen produced by the liver during inflammation?

Answer 9

ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)

Question 10

What are the most important cells in the chronic inflammation process?

Answer 10

1) Macrophages
2) Lymphocytes
3) Plasma cells

Question 11

What signs is chronic inflammation characterized by?

Answer 11

1) Scarring

2) Angiogenesis

Question 12

Type of chronic inflammation caused by macrophages and lymphocytes which aggregate into nodules on the skin that are itchy, irritable, and may have a necrotic center?

Answer 12

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 13

What does the outcome of inflammation depend on?

Answer 13

1) Amount of tissue damage

2) Whether tissue is capable of regeneration (i.e., whether it contains stem cells)

Question 14

Under what conditions does tissue regeneration and the resolution of inflammation occur?

Answer 14

After mild injury and when the tissue has stem cells

Question 15

What sort of resolution to inflammation occurs in tissues that have either more extensive injury or no stem cells to restore normal tissue?

Answer 15

Fibrotic scar repair

Question 16

What is the main obstruction to normal tissue repair?

Answer 16

Infection

Question 17

What are the steps in wound repair following hemostasis?

Answer 17

1) Inflammatory phase
2) Proliferative phase
3) Remodeling phase

Question 18

What are the features of the proliferative phase of wound repair that pulls the wound closed?

Answer 18

1) Angiogenesis
2) Fibroblasts proliferate and produce a provisional collagen matrix
3) Temporary granulation tissue produced
4) WBCs leave
5) Angiogenesis declines

Question 19

What are the features of the remodeling phase of wound repair?

Answer 19

1) Collagen and matrix are remodeled and scar matured
2) Wound contraction causes wound to become less apparent over time
3) Final scar tissue forms