Chapter 6: The Body's Defense Mechanisms

Question 1

Chemical signals that prevent virus production and stimulate the immune system.

Answer 1

Interferons

Question 2

What are the characteristics of fever?

Answer 2

Increased phagocytosis and cell metabolism, decreased microbial growth

Question 3

True or false: Innate immunity is a slow, first-line of defense.

Answer 3

False; it is fast

Question 4

True or false: Adaptive immunity is only present in jawed vertebrae.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What causes Active Natural immunity?

Answer 5

Contact with disease

Question 6

What causes Passive Natural Immunity?

Answer 6

Placenta and breastmilk

Question 7

What causes Active Artificial Immunity?

Answer 7

Vaccinations

Question 8

What causes Passive Artificial Immunity?

Answer 8

Immune serum

Question 9

What are the features of acquired adaptive immunity?

Answer 9

1) Specific
2) Inducible
3) Targeted recognition of a foreign substance
4) Improved learned responses with experience
5) Leaves lasting memory response
6) Takes time to develop

Question 10

True or false: Adaptive immunity is inherited.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What are the two components of active acquired adaptive immunity?

Answer 11

1) Hymoral immunity (production of antibodies by B lymphocytes/plasma cells; these combine with and eliminate foreign material)
2) Cell-mediated (formation of T cells that attack and destroy foreign material

Question 12

Which of the two components of acquired adaptive immunity is the main defense against bacteria and bacterial toxins?

Answer 12

Humoral immunity (antibodies)

Question 13

Which of the two components of acquired adaptive immunity is the main defense against virus-infected cells, fungi, and parasites?

Answer 13

Cell-mediated immunity (T cells)

Question 14

Which type of acquired adaptive immunity is the mechanism by which the body rejects transplanted organs and eliminates precancerous abnormal cells?

Answer 14

T cells (cell-mediated immunity)