Chapter 3: Chromosomes, DNA, and Inheritance

Question 1

These are made of double coils of DNA combined with proteins and are located in the nucleus.

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

What regulates the various functions of cells?

Answer 2

The genetic code

Question 3

What proteins are strands of DNA wound around to form nucleosomes?

Answer 3

Histones

Question 4

What forms the backbone of DNA strands?

Answer 4

phosphate and deoxyribose

Question 5

Distinct regions/segments of a chromosome that contain

instructions to determine cell structure and function; the basic units of inheritance.

Answer 5

Genes

Question 6

The building blocks of DNA; their sequence conveys

the exact instructions of the gene to make that protein.

Answer 6

Nucleotide

Question 7

Pairs of genes (gene versions), with one in each chromosome.

Answer 7

alleles

Question 8

Specific site on a chromosome.

Answer 8

Locus

Question 9

Both alleles are the same.

Answer 9

Homozygous

Question 10

Alleles are different.

Answer 10

Heterozygous

Question 11

Which type of gene is expressed whether it is homozygous or heterozygous?

Answer 11

Dominant

Question 12

Which type of gene is expressed only when homozygous?

Answer 12

Recessive

Question 13

For which type of gene are both alleles of a pair expressed?

Answer 13

Codominant

Question 14

Genes carried on sex chromosomes.

Answer 14

Sex-linked

Question 15

Explain how and when hemophilia is passed on and displayed phenotypically.

Answer 15

1) The hemophilia gene is sex-linked and recessive.
2) Female heterozygous carrier is phenotypically normal.
3) Male carrier will have hemophilia.

Question 16

Basic structural unit of DNA that consists of a phosphate group linked to a deoxyribose, linked to a nitrogen-containing base.

Answer 16

Nucleotide

Question 17

What are the purine bases?

Answer 17

Adenine and Guanine

Question 18

What are the pyrimidine bases?

Answer 18

Thymine and Cytosine