Chapter 5: Major Features of Inflammation

Question 1

True or false: An inflammatory response is slow and targeted.

Answer 1

False; it is fast and non-specific

Question 2

What types of cells, tissues, and molecules does an inflammatory response involve?

Answer 2

Blood vessels, blood cells, tissue cells, plasma proteins, and cell-derived molecules

Question 3

What types of blood plasma proteins does an inflammatory response involve?

Answer 3

1) Complement
2) Bradykinins
3) Clotting factors

Question 4

A group of blood proteins, consisting
of 9 main components (C1-C9) that are sequentially
activated either when an antigen (Ag) combines with an
antibody (Ab) or by other ways (not requiring Ag-Ab
interaction); this activation induces vasodilation,
inflammation, leukocyte recruitment, and lysosomal
enzyme release → tissue damage and microbe destruction

Answer 4

Complement

Question 5

A group of inactive circulating proteins that leak into inflamed tissues and become activated by a protein involved with blood coagulation (triggered by tissue injury); ↑ vasodilation & permeability

Answer 5

Bradykinins

Question 6

What does the activation of complement do?

Answer 6

Induces vasodilation, inflammation, leukocyte recruitment, and lysosomal enzyme release, resulting in tissue damage and microbe destruction.

Question 7

What does the activation of bradykinins do?

Answer 7

Increases vasodilation and permeability

Question 8

What are the 5 major signs of inflammation?

Answer 8

1) Redness
2) Pain
3) Swelling
4) Warmth
5) Tenderness

Question 9

True or false: Inflammation is not essential for the tissue repair processes following injury to occur.

Answer 9

False; it is essential.

Question 10

What is the earliest stage of the inflammatory response (first 24-48 hours)?

Answer 10

Acute inflammation

Question 11

What are the most important cells involved in acute inflammation?

Answer 11

1) Neutrophils
2) Platelets
3) Mast cells

Question 12

Which cells phagocytose and destroy injuring agents in acute inflammation?

Answer 12

Neutrophils

Question 13

Which cells bind to collagen at site of blood vessel injury and mediate blood coagulation to control bleeding/hemorrhage?

Answer 13

Platelets

Question 14

Which cells are positioned adjacent to blood vessels in tissue and release signals that are important to early vascular steps of inflammation?

Answer 14

Mast cells

Question 15

What are the responses of blood vessels to inflammation?

Answer 15

1) Dilation
2) Increased capillary permeability
3) Become “sticky” and attract WBCs to the injury site

Question 16

What cells release histamine?

Answer 16

Mast cells

Question 17

What are the major steps in the acute inflammatory response?

Answer 17

1) Blood vessel dilation, permeability, and stickiness
2) Platelets stop bleeding and release signals
3) Neutrophils phagocytose pathogens; creating exudate at injury site

Question 18

What is the key WBC in acute inflammation?

Answer 18

Neutrophil

Question 19

What are the key cells involved in chronic inflammation?

Answer 19

Macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 20

What are the possible outcomes of acute inflammation?

Answer 20

1) Resolution
2) Abscess
3) Scarring
4) Chronic inflammation

Question 21

What are the two possible outcomes for chronic inflammation?

Answer 21

1) Scarring

2) Chronic inflammation

Question 22

What are three common causes of chronic inflammation?

Answer 22

1) Persistant infection
2) Autoimmune disease
3) Continuing exposure to injurious agent
4) Some viruses, fungi, or TB trigger chronic without a prior acute phase

Question 23

What are the possible treatments for chronic inflammation?

Answer 23

1) Corticosteroid hormones

2) Anti-inflammatory agents