Chapter 2: Tissues Flashcards
4 major types of tissues
1) Epithelium
2) Connective
3) Muscle
4) Nerve
Functional cells of an organ
Parenchymal cells or parenchyma
How are epithelial cells characterized?
1) Shape (cuboidal, squamous, columnar)
2) Layers (simple/single or stratified)
Which type of tissues lack blood vessels and are nourished by capillaries in the underlying connective tissue?
Epithelium
Layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
Endothelium
Layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines pleural, pericardial, peritoneal cavities
Mesothelium
These epithelial glands discharge their secretions through a duct.
Exocrine glands
What type of gland is the pancreas?
Both exocrine and endocrine
What types of glands are sweat, salivary, oil, and tear glands?
Exocrine
What type of epithelial glands discharge their secretions directly into the bloodstream?
Endocrine glands
That types of glands are the thyroid and pituitary?
Endocrine
What are the three types of connective tissue fibers?
1) Collagen
2) Elastic
3) Reticulin
Which type of connective tissue fiber are long, flexible, and strong, do not stretch, and are made of collagen protein.
Collagen
Which type of connective tissue fiber is responsible for the distensibility of arteries? It is not as strong as collagen.
Elastin
Which type of connective tissue fiber forms the supporting framework of organs and is thin and delicate?
Reticulin
What is the matrix in which fibers are embedded?
Ground substance
What does the ground substance consist of?
Water bound to long, unbranched polysaccharides callsd glycosaminoglycans.
What two things define the properties of connective tissues?
1) Types of GAGs (glycosaminoglycans)
2) Type of connective tissue fibers
What type of tissue forms blood vessel walls and walls of the trachea and bronchi?
Reticular tissue
What type of tissue contains numerous fat cells and gives padding and insulation?
Adipose tissue
What type of tissue contains CaPO4 salts and Type 1 Collagen in its matrix?
Bone
What type of tissue connects and supports parts of the body and can be loose (under skin or around organs) or dense (ligaments and tendons)?
Fibrous tissue
What type of tissue forms a fine fiber mesh that forms the supporting framework for organs?
Reticular tissue
What are the three types of cartilage?
1) Hyaline
2) Elastic
3) Fibrocartilage
What is the most common type of cartilage that contains fine collagen fibers in a matrix, covers the end of movable joints, connects the ribs to the sternum, and forms the larynx and trachea?
Hyaline
What type of cartilage contains yellow elastic fibers in matrix, is flexible, and forms the ear cartilage?
Elastic cartilage
What type of cartilage contains many dense cartilage bundles in a matrix and occurs where weight-bearing stresses the body (e.g., disks between vertebrae and knee cartilage)?
Fibrocartilage
Why is hemapoietic tissue classified as connective tissue?
Because of its mesoderm origin
Another name for blood-forming tissue. What type of tissue is it?
Hemopoietic tissue; connective tissue
Lymphocyte-forming tissue
Lymphatic tissue
Deepest layer of skin that contains loose connective tissue and lobules of fat.
Subcutaneous tissue
Which type of tissue contains actin and myosin?
Muscle
What are the three types of muscle fibers?
1) Smooth
2) Striated
3) Cardiac
What two types of cells does nerve tissue contain?
1) Neurons
2) Neuroglia
What are the three types of neuroglia?
1) Astrocytes
2) Oligodendroglia (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)
3) Microglia
True or false: Neurons are more numerous than neuroglia.
False
Long, star-shaped cells, numerous highly
branched processes that form a meshwork and the
structural framework of the CNS
Astrocytes
Small cells, scanty cytoplasm, surround individual
nerve cells, produce myelin.
Oligodendroglia (CNS) or Schwann (PNS)
Phagocytic neuroglial cells.
Microglia
True or false: Axon fibers are insulated by myelin coating in gray matter.
False; only in white matter
