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Human Disease: Exam 1 > Chapter 2: Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

4 major types of tissues

A

1) Epithelium
2) Connective
3) Muscle
4) Nerve

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2
Q

Functional cells of an organ

A

Parenchymal cells or parenchyma

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3
Q

How are epithelial cells characterized?

A

1) Shape (cuboidal, squamous, columnar)

2) Layers (simple/single or stratified)

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4
Q

Which type of tissues lack blood vessels and are nourished by capillaries in the underlying connective tissue?

A

Epithelium

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5
Q

Layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

A

Endothelium

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6
Q

Layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines pleural, pericardial, peritoneal cavities

A

Mesothelium

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7
Q

These epithelial glands discharge their secretions through a duct.

A

Exocrine glands

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8
Q

What type of gland is the pancreas?

A

Both exocrine and endocrine

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9
Q

What types of glands are sweat, salivary, oil, and tear glands?

A

Exocrine

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10
Q

What type of epithelial glands discharge their secretions directly into the bloodstream?

A

Endocrine glands

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11
Q

That types of glands are the thyroid and pituitary?

A

Endocrine

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12
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue fibers?

A

1) Collagen
2) Elastic
3) Reticulin

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13
Q

Which type of connective tissue fiber are long, flexible, and strong, do not stretch, and are made of collagen protein.

A

Collagen

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14
Q

Which type of connective tissue fiber is responsible for the distensibility of arteries? It is not as strong as collagen.

A

Elastin

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15
Q

Which type of connective tissue fiber forms the supporting framework of organs and is thin and delicate?

A

Reticulin

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16
Q

What is the matrix in which fibers are embedded?

A

Ground substance

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17
Q

What does the ground substance consist of?

A

Water bound to long, unbranched polysaccharides callsd glycosaminoglycans.

18
Q

What two things define the properties of connective tissues?

A

1) Types of GAGs (glycosaminoglycans)

2) Type of connective tissue fibers

19
Q

What type of tissue forms blood vessel walls and walls of the trachea and bronchi?

A

Reticular tissue

20
Q

What type of tissue contains numerous fat cells and gives padding and insulation?

A

Adipose tissue

21
Q

What type of tissue contains CaPO4 salts and Type 1 Collagen in its matrix?

A

Bone

22
Q

What type of tissue connects and supports parts of the body and can be loose (under skin or around organs) or dense (ligaments and tendons)?

A

Fibrous tissue

23
Q

What type of tissue forms a fine fiber mesh that forms the supporting framework for organs?

A

Reticular tissue

24
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

1) Hyaline
2) Elastic
3) Fibrocartilage

25
Q

What is the most common type of cartilage that contains fine collagen fibers in a matrix, covers the end of movable joints, connects the ribs to the sternum, and forms the larynx and trachea?

A

Hyaline

26
Q

What type of cartilage contains yellow elastic fibers in matrix, is flexible, and forms the ear cartilage?

A

Elastic cartilage

27
Q

What type of cartilage contains many dense cartilage bundles in a matrix and occurs where weight-bearing stresses the body (e.g., disks between vertebrae and knee cartilage)?

A

Fibrocartilage

28
Q

Why is hemapoietic tissue classified as connective tissue?

A

Because of its mesoderm origin

29
Q

Another name for blood-forming tissue. What type of tissue is it?

A

Hemopoietic tissue; connective tissue

30
Q

Lymphocyte-forming tissue

A

Lymphatic tissue

31
Q

Deepest layer of skin that contains loose connective tissue and lobules of fat.

A

Subcutaneous tissue

32
Q

Which type of tissue contains actin and myosin?

A

Muscle

33
Q

What are the three types of muscle fibers?

A

1) Smooth
2) Striated
3) Cardiac

34
Q

What two types of cells does nerve tissue contain?

A

1) Neurons

2) Neuroglia

35
Q

What are the three types of neuroglia?

A

1) Astrocytes
2) Oligodendroglia (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)
3) Microglia

36
Q

True or false: Neurons are more numerous than neuroglia.

A

False

37
Q

Long, star-shaped cells, numerous highly
branched processes that form a meshwork and the
structural framework of the CNS

A

Astrocytes

38
Q

Small cells, scanty cytoplasm, surround individual

nerve cells, produce myelin.

A

Oligodendroglia (CNS) or Schwann (PNS)

39
Q

Phagocytic neuroglial cells.

A

Microglia

40
Q

True or false: Axon fibers are insulated by myelin coating in gray matter.

A

False; only in white matter

Human Disease: Exam 1 (32 decks)

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