Chapter 5: Stem Cells and Infections

Question 1

Which tissues have stem cells that can repair tissues?

Answer 1

1) Epidermis
2) Gastrointestinal epithelium
3) Bronchial epithelium
4) Bone marrow
5) Liver
6) Kidney

Question 2

How must the body repair itself if it has no stem cells?

Answer 2

Fibrotic scarring

Question 3

Cell that can replicate itself and provide a cell that can differentiate into different types of tissue.

Answer 3

Stem cells

Question 4

Why are stem cells so valuable?

Answer 4

Because they can divide to produce another stem cell and one to replace a tissue cell

Question 5

What are the various levels of stem cells?

Answer 5

1) Totipotent: can turn into any kind of cell in the body
2) Pluripotent: Can become a lot of cells, but not all
3) Multipotent: More restricted on kind of cell it can become
4) Lineage committed: Can only become one type of cell

Question 6

What are the 4 stages of wound healing?

Answer 6

1) Hemostasis
2) Inflammation
3) Proliferation or granulation
4) Remodeling or maturation

Question 7

Tissue that conducts the function of the organ

Answer 7

parenchymal tissue

Question 8

Tissue that doesn’t conduct the function of the organ

Answer 8

stroma

Question 9

Organism capable of causing a disease

Answer 9

pathogen

Question 10

Individual or animal infected by a pathogen

Answer 10

host

Question 11

What factors affect the outcome of an infection?

Answer 11

1) Portal of entry
2) Virulence of the organism
3) Numbers of invading organisms
4) Resistance of the host’s body to infection

Question 12

How easily a pathogen can overcome body defenses.

Answer 12

Virulence

Question 13

What kind of WBCs are seen with a bacterial infection?

Answer 13

Neutrophils

Question 14

What kind of WBCs are seen most often with a viral or fungal infection?

Answer 14

Monocytes (macrophages) or lymphocytes

Question 15

What is a state in which the pathogenic organism and the host are evenly matched?

Answer 15

Chronic infection

Question 16

What are the cells seen in a chronic infection?

Answer 16

Lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells

Question 17

Type of pathogen that produces disease in majority of susceptible persons

Answer 17

Highly virulent

Question 18

Type of pathogen that produces disease only in very susceptible persons under favorable conditions for it

Answer 18

Low virulence

Question 19

Acute spreading infection at any site; but

usually refers to skin and deeper tissues

Answer 19

Cellulitis

Question 20

When local infection spreads into lymphatic channels draining an inflammatory site

Answer 20

Lymphangitis

Question 21

Infection in regional lymph node

Answer 21

Lymphadenitis

Question 22

Infection associated with breakdown of tissues

and localized formation of pus

Answer 22

Abscess

Question 23

Overwhelming infection where pathogenic

bacteria gain access to bloodstream

Answer 23

Septicemia

Question 24

What type of inflammation do bacteria often cause? What type of WBCs are most often seen?

Answer 24

Acute; neutrophils

Question 25

What type of inflammation do viruses and fungi often cause? What types of WBCs are most often seen?

Answer 25

Chronic; monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 26

What is the difference between monocytes and macrophages?

Answer 26

Monocytes are in circulation; they become macrophages when they enter tissues.