Chapter 2: Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Cell to cell communication by direct contact.

A

Juxtacrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell to cell communication by soluble mediators acting near groups of cells.

A

Paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell to cell communication by direct contact through soluble mediators acting across a distance between cells.

A

Endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organelle that contains genetic information; directs metabolic function of cells

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Surrounds cell nucleus; its structures carry out the directions of the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The basic structural and functional unit of the body (and life)

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Group of similar cells performing the same function.

A

Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Group of tissues

A

Organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Groups of organs functioning together

A

Organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Integrated organ systems

A

Functioning Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are cell membranes composed of?

A

Lipid and protein molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Double-layered membrane with pores that separates nucleus from cytoplasm

A

Nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is RNA located?

A

In nucleoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is DNA located?

A

In chromosomes in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Organelle that Contain enzymes that convert food materials (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids) into energy by oxidizing them, thereby producing water, carbon dioxide, and heat (for body temperature regulation).

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The essential fuel that powers chemical reactions in the cell.

17
Q

Interconnected network of tubular channels enclosed by membranes that has nucleoprotein ribosomes attached to its surface that synthesize proteins for secretion by the cell or targeting to the cytoplasm

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

18
Q

Organelle that has membranes containing enzymes that synthesize lipids (steroids) and break downdrugs and other molecules

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

19
Q

Flattened membrane-like sacs near the nucleus; connected with tubules of the RER; this is where large carbohydrate molecules are synthesized and combined with proteins.

A

Golgi Apparatus

20
Q

This organelle digests worn-out cell components, organelles,and materials brought into the cell by phagocytosis; also prevents leakage of digestive enzymes into the cytoplasm that would injure cell; recycles intracellular structures as needed (“autophagy”)

21
Q

Process by which cellular organelles are degraded or recycled by the cell.

22
Q

Ingestion of particulate foreign material by the cell.

A

Phagocytosis

23
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle containing various enzymes, including those that decompose potentially toxic compounds through the production of H2O2.

A

Peroxisomes

24
Q

These organelles break down free radicals, drugs, and alcohol in the cell.

A

Peroxisomes

25
Short, cylindrical structures located adjacent to the nucleus that participate in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division.
Centrioles
26
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
1) Forms structural framework of the cell. 2) Determines cells shape 3) Responsible for cell movements
27
What are the three types of cytoskeleton proteins in cells?
1) Large microtubules 2) Intermediate filaments (4 types) 3) Microfilaments (actin)
28
In which cells are microfilaments (actin filaments) most plentiful?
Contractile cells (muscle)
29
Which type of intermediate filament is found in epithelial cells?
Keratin filaments
30
Which type of intermediate filament is found in nerve cells?
Neurofilaments
31
Which type of intermediate filament is found in connective and muscle cell?
Vimentin filaments
32
Which type of intermediate filament is found in involved in nuclear structure and found in all cells?
Lamin filaments
33
What percentage of human proteins have carbohydrate molecules attached?
70%