Chapter 6: Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

What happens to T cells when they are activated?

Answer 1

They differentiate into memory cells, cytotoxic cells, suppressor cells, and helper cells; cytotoxic cells attack the antigen directly.

Question 2

What happens to B cells when they are activated?

Answer 2

They form memory cells and plasma cells, which produce antibodies to these antigens

Question 3

Any foreign substance that enters/appears in
the body and interacts with Ab or immune cells (usually
protein; sometimes carbohydrate, lipid, or nucleic acid)

Answer 3

Antigen (Ag)

Question 4

What an antigen is called if it induces an immune response.

Answer 4

Immunogen

Question 5

A stage of altered reactivity to bacterial
products/foreign material, leading to intense, exaggerated, inappropriate inflammatory reaction at the site of contact with foreign Ag (most common: allergy, autoimmune disease)

Answer 5

Hypersensitivity

Question 6

Why does a person normally only develop an immune response against foreign (non-self) antigens?

Answer 6

Because the body has developed a tolerance to self antigens; lymphocytes that recognize self-antigens are normally destroyed, inactivated, or suppressed during prenatal development.

Question 7

Why does it take 2 weeks to develop flu protection after vaccination?

Answer 7

Because adaptive immunity takes over 1 week to develop

Question 8

What are the two pathways involved in adaptive immunity?

Answer 8

Antibody producing B plasma cells (humoral) and cytotoxic T cells (cell-mediated)

Question 9

Type of antibody that fails to distinguish self from non-self and damages the bodies own cells. What type of disease does this cause?

Answer 9

Autoantibody; autoimmune disease