Chapter 7 shock

Question 1

hypovolemic shock

Answer 1

low blood volume
-during severe bleeding
can also occur during dehydration and loss of blood pressure.

-this occurs when too little volume leads to reduced pressure in the cardiovascular system

Question 2

Distributive shock

Answer 2

blood vessel tone is lost

• the smooth muscle in the blood vessels looses its ability to maintain a normal diameter.
• anaphylaxis, sepsis

Question 3

Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 3

the heart fails to pump blood.

-myocardial infarction or trauma can lead to either an electrical problem like dysrhythmia or a mechanical problem (damage to the heart tissue itself.

Question 4

Obstructive shock

Answer 4

tension pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism physically prevents blood from flowing.

large quantities of blood being prevented from reaching essential organs and vital areas.

following this hypoperfusion occurs

Question 5

anaphylaxis & sepsis

Answer 5

causes normally constricted vessels to dilate and as a result pressure falls.

Question 6

symptoms of compensated shock

Answer 6

-slight mental status change including anxiety and feeling of impending doom

• increased heart rate
• increased respiratory rate
• delayed capillary refill time
• pale skin that is cool and moist to the touch (diaphoresis)
• sweating

Question 7

Decompensated shock (hypotensive shock)

Answer 7

this is when compensatory mechanisms have not been successful, and have failed in their efforts to sustain perfusion

• characterized by low blood pressure, and altered mental status
• if not rapidly reversed the body will enter into irreversible shock (organs systems begin to die) patient death commonly follows.

Question 8

children compensate differently

Answer 8

compensation for cardiac output is different with kids.

children rely more on heart rate and less on increasing contractility.

signs of shock are much more subtle in children