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Emergency care 13th edition > Chapter 18 cardiac arrest > Flashcards

Chapter 18 cardiac arrest Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

chain of survival

A

5 elements

  • recognition and activation of emergency response system
  • immediate high quality CPR
  • rapid defibrillation
  • basic and advanced EMS
  • ALS and post-arrest care

summarized by American heart association

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2
Q

percentage of cardiac arrest calls

A

in typical ambulance only 1-2% are cardiac arrest

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3
Q

odds of cardiac arrest saves over the last 20 years

A

has increased considerably

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4
Q

underlying theme of chain of survival

A

is teamwork

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5
Q

EMTs provide 2 elements of the chain of survival

A
  • early high quality CPR

- early AED (rapid defibrillation)

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6
Q

2 ways to defibrillate

A

older method
-manual defibrillation

newer method
-automatic defibrillation

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7
Q

2 types of automatic defibrillators

A

semi-automatic : would call for a shock button to be pressed
automatic: shock is administered as soon as it is charged

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8
Q

2 types of shock (AED shock)

A
  • monophasic defibrillator - sends a single shock from the negative pad to the positive pad
  • biphasic - sends shock in both directions
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9
Q

the most common conditions of cardiac arrest

A
  • ventricular fibrillation (VF)

- ventricular tachycardia (v-tach)

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10
Q

PEA pulseless electrical activity

A
  • a condition in which the hearts electrical rhythm remains relatively normal. yet mechanical pumping activity fails to follow the electrical activity causing cardiac arrest
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11
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

hearts electrical pulses are disorganized, preventing heart muscle to properly contracting.

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12
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

rapid heart beat, that when the beat is too quick the heart is not able to fill full of blood. there fore pushing less blood out to the body.

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13
Q

is PEA a shockable rhythm?

A

No

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14
Q

asystole

A

a condition where the heart stops generating electrical charges used to contract (also known as flatline)

-not a shockable rhythm

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15
Q

AED can shock what percentage of cardiac patients?

A

at most

-6/7 out of 10 patients will have a shockable rhythm

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16
Q

monophasic units energy level

A

360 j (joules)

17
Q

biphasic units energy level

A

between 120j and 200j depending on the unit

18
Q

AED analyzing in moving vehicle

A

often the AED is unable to analyze a patients rhythm while in a moving vehicle.

-it is advised to stop to analyze and deliver shock

19
Q

post resuscitation care

A

after AED protocol is run there will be 3 conditions that the patient will be in.

  • patient has a pulse
  • patient has no pulse after AED gives the no shock advised indication
  • AED is analyzing for shockable rhythm,
20
Q

AED contraindication

A

the only contraindications of using a AED is

-if the AED pads won’t fit on patient without touching each other.

21
Q

AED during hypothermia

A

in cases of hypothermia, AED may not be effective.

until the body temperature is brought back up to at least 86degF before attempting AED

22
Q

Ventricular assistance device (VAD)

A

a mechanical device that pumps blood for the heart

-consists of a pump, and power source (outside of patients body)

23
Q

left ventricular ventilation device (LVAD)

A

more common outside of the hospital

- takes blood from the left ventricle and pumps it to the aorta and systematic circulation

24
Q

patients with a VAD or LVAD

A

patients with these devices should not have CPR performed unless directed by med control.

-it is hard for ems to tell if the patient is alive, circulating blood, because there is no shutting or contracting of the left ventricle (where pulse is generated)

25
Q

QI (defibrillation) review

A
  • medical direction
  • initial training
  • maintenance of skills
  • case review
  • trend analysis
  • strengthening the links in the chain of survival
26
Q

mechanical CPR devices

A
  • LUCAS CPR

- auto-pulse

27
Q

3 criteria of resuscitation before CPR is terminated

A
  • arrest was not witnessed by EMS personnel or first responders
  • no return of spontaneous circulation after 3 rounds of CPR and AED
  • AED does not detect a shockable rhythm
28
Q

electrical charge of AED pad

A

electrical charge travels from negative terminal to positive terminal

29
Q

side effects of nitro

A

headache

30
Q

when should an emt be ready to administer single rescuer CPR?

A

en route to hospital

31
Q

there are medications that can limit damage to heart muscle

A

yes

32
Q

how should any chest pain be treated?

A

treated like cardiovascular emergency

33
Q

syncope caused by cardiovascular

A

often a sign of myocardial infarction

Emergency care 13th edition (48 decks)

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