Chapter 7 Pathophysiology of other systems

Question 1

Fluid balance

Answer 1

roughly 60% of body weight is made up of water, and without this water the functions of the cells would cease

-water is divided into 3 spaces in the body
intracellular, intravascular, and interstitial

Question 2

Intracellular

Answer 2

70% of body water usage

-the water that is inside of cells

Question 3

intravascular

Answer 3

5% of body water usage

-water that is inside of the blood stream

Question 4

interstitial

Answer 4

25% of body water usage

-this water can be found between cells and blood vessels

Question 5

Disruptions of fluid balance

Answer 5

• fluid loss (dehydration)
• poor fluid distribution

substantial fluid loss can lead to hypovolemic shock

Question 6

fluid loss (dehydration)

Answer 6

• caused by decreased fluid intake

- significant fluid loss (diarrhea, severe vomiting, rapid breathing and profuse sweating)

Question 7

poor fluid distribution

Answer 7

when the body can’t get the sufficient amount of fluids to a certain organ system

Question 8

The nervous system

Answer 8

• Brain is control room

- spinal cord is the messenger

Question 9

intracranial pressure

Answer 9

blood pressure inside the brain vault

Question 10

medical dysfunction
(meningitis, encephalitis, lou gehrigs disease, multiple sclerosis)

Answer 10

diseases that can effect the protective layers of the brain and spinal cord, infection of the brain its self, and diseases that affect the nervous system.

Question 11

signs of neurologic impairment

Answer 11

• altered mental status
• seizures
• inability to speak or difficult speaking
• visual or hearing disturbance
• inability to walk
• paralysis (sometimes limited to one side)
• weakness in muscles
• loss of sensation
• pupil changes

Question 12

Endocrine system dysfunction

Answer 12

generally endocrine disorders fall into 2 categories

-too many hormones
(graves disease- thyroid overproduces hormone, causing inability to regulate temperature and heart rates

-not enough hormones
(type 1 diabetes - the pancreas doesn’t secrete enough insulin

Question 13

Digestive system dysfunction

Answer 13

Gastrointestinal bleeding
-can occur anywhere in the digestive tract

vomiting and diarrhea
-commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection

Question 14

Immune system

Answer 14

fights off infection and bacteria

Question 15

anaphylactic reaction

Answer 15

abnormally exaggerated version of allergic reaction

Question 16

Histamine

Answer 16

one of the chemicals released during allergic reactions

-produces edema, and in some cases a narrowing of the airways because of changes in blood vessels permeability