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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

bones have processes, smooth surfaces, and holes that are associated with _______, _______, _______, _____ and ________.

A 
ligaments
muscles
joints
nerves
blood vessels
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2
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

if a bone possesses a ________ or _______, it is usually because a ligament or tendon what attached to that during life

A

tubercle (lump)

process (projection)

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3
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

if a bone has a smooth articular surface, that surface was part of a _______ and was covered with ___________

A

joint

articular cartilage

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4
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

if a bone has a ________ that was occupied by something such as a nerve or blood vessel

A

foramen (hole)

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5
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

sinuses

A

epithelium lined air spaces

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6
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

axial skeleton consists of

A

skull
vertebral column
thoracic cage

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7
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

skull is composed of how many bones

A

28

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8
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the 6 ______ which function in hearing are located inside the temporal bone

A

auditory ossicles

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9
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the auditory ossicles are

A

2 each of:
malleus
incus
stapes

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10
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ______ or braincase protects the brain

A

cranial vault

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11
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the _________ from the structure of the face in the anterior skull, but do not contribute to the cranial vault.

A

14 facial bones

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12
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

function of the facial bones

A

protect the sensory organs of the head and function as muscle attachment sites

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13
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

what are the 14 facial bones

A 
maxilla (2)
mandible (1)
zygomatic (2)
palatine (2)
nasal (2)
lacrimal (2)
vomer (1)
inferior nasal concha (2)
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14
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the mandible and maxillae posses _______ with sockets for the attachment of the teeth

A

alveolar processes

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15
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ______ which “floats” in the neck is the attachment site for the throat and tongue muscles

A

hyoid bone

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16
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the skull can be thought of as a

A

single bone or a single unit

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17
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ______ are joined at the midline by the sagittal suture

A

parietal bones

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18
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the parietal bones are joined to the ______ by the coronal suture

A

frontal bones

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19
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the parietal bones are joined to the ______ by the lambdoid suture

A

occipital bone

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20
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the parietal bones are joined to the ________ by the squamous suture

A

temporal bone

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21
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

______ are the points of attachment for neck muscles

A

nuchal lines

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22
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

______ transmits sound waves toward the eardrum

A

external auditory meatus

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23
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

important neck muscles attach to

A

mastoid process

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24
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the temporal lines are attachments for

A

temporalis muscle

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25
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the __________ from the _______ and ______ bones forms a bridge across the side of the skull

A

sygomatic arch
temporal
zygomatic

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26
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ____ contain the eyes

A

orbits

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27
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the nasal cavity is separated by

A

nasal septum

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28
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the _______ separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

A

hard palate

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29
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the _________ which connect to the nasal cavity

A

paranasal sinuses

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30
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the paranasal sinuses are

A

frontal
ethmoidal
sphenoidal
maxillary

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31
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ______ articulates with the temporal bone

A

mandible

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32
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the _____ is a point of attachment for on the meninges

A

crista galli

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33
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ________ extend into the roof of the nasal cavity through the __________

A

olfactory nerves

cribriform plate

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34
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the _______ is occupied by the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

35
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the spinal cord and the brain are connected through the

A

foramen magnum

36
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

_______ are points of articulation between the skull and vertebral column

A

occipital condyles

37
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

blood reaches the brain through

A

internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries

38
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the carotid arteries pass through

A

carotid canals

39
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the vertebral arteries pass through

A

foramen magnum

40
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

most blood leaves the brain through the

A

internal jugular veins

41
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

internal jugular veins exit through the

A

jugular foramina

42
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

styloid processes provide attachments points for 3 muscles involved in the movement of:

A

tongue
hyoid bone
pharynx

43
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ______ forms the floor of the nasal cavity

A

hard palate

44
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the vertebral column provides

A

flexible support and protects spinal cord

45
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the vertebral column has 4 major curvatures

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral/coccygeal

46
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the spine has ____ and _____ curves

A

primary and secondary

47
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

primary curves are present at birth

A

thoracic

sacral

48
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

secondary curves develop once the baby starts walking and bearing weight on the spine

A

cervical

lumbar

49
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

abnormal curvature of the lumbar

A

lordosis

50
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

abnormal curvature of the thoracic

A

kyphosis

51
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

abnormal curvature of the lateral

A

scoliosis

52
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

at birth the spine is one big C shape curve

A

kyphotic curve

53
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

typical vertebrae consists of

A

body
arch
various processes

54
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

adjacent vertebral bodies are separated by

A

intervertebral disks

55
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

what is fibrous outer covering of intervertebral disk

A

annulus fibrosus

56
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

what is the gelatinous interior of intervertebral disk

A

nucleus pulposus

57
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

where are there no intervertebral disks

A

between occiput and atlas (c1)

between atlas and axis (c1 and c2)

58
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

vertebrae articulate with one another through

A

superior and inferior articular processes

59
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

what protects and contains the spinal cord

A

vertebral foramen

60
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

what forms the vertebral foramen

A

part of the body and arch (pedicle and lamina)

61
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

spinal nervces exit through

A

intervertebral foramina

62
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ______ and _________ serve as points of muscle and ligament attachment

A

transverse and spinous processes

63
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

64
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

all cervical vertebrae have

A

transverse foramina

65
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

what passes through the transverse foramina

A

vertebral artery

66
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

what is a major blood supply to the brain

A

vertebral artery

67
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

cervical vertebra have a ____ or split spinous processes

A

bifid

68
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

69
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

thoracic vertebrae are characterized by

A

long downward pointing spinous processes and demifacets

70
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

function of the thoracic ribs

A

articulation with the ribs

71
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

how many lumbar vertebrae

A

5

72
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

A

thick heavy bodies and processes

73
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

number of sacrum vertebrae

A

5

74
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

characteristics of sacrum vertebrae

A

fused vertebrae

75
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

sacrum vertebrae attach where

A

pelvis

76
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

coccygeal vertebrae number

A

4

77
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

characteristics of coccygeal vertebrae

A

fused

78
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

coccygeal vertebrae attach where

A

sacrum

79
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

what does the thoracic cage consist of

A 
ribs - true or vertebrosternal ribs
costal cartilage
false ribs
vertebrochondral ribs
floating or vertebral ribs
head
tubercle
neck
body
angle
80
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

function of the thoracic cage

A

protect the thoracic organs and to prevent the collapse of the thorax during respiration

81
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

how many pairs of ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae

A

12 pairs

82
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

division of true/false ribs

A

7 pairs true ribs

5 pairs false ribs

83
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

how many of the false ribs are floating

A

2 pairs

84
Q

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the sternum is composed of

A 
manubrium
the body
xiphoid process
jugular notch
sternal angle

Anatomy & Physiology (30 decks)

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